tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74698075526230050772024-03-14T05:18:32.129-05:00Templar MilitarisDedicated to the professional military and ethical competence of the original Order of Knights Templar towards developing the same for the challenges of the modern world, specifically the Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem (OSMTH)and of the Grand Priory of St Joan of Arc of Mexico and Latin AmericaGordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.comBlogger33125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-46688808493313933572016-06-24T16:06:00.000-05:002016-06-24T20:17:46.235-05:00The Temple's Dirty Dozens<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK3"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Temple’s Dirty Dozens<o:p></o:p></span></a></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Fighting over a shield wall rather than between the shields</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>There are too many holes in the history of the original
Knights Templar aka “The Temple” to account for their combat effectiveness or
of their operations planning and training.
We have detailed instruction in the Rule for the order, but those do not
deal with combat operations, and given the theoretical time usage of the Rule,
there would be not enough time to train for the operations they were so good at.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>There are records of the details of the training of
Byzantine troops which, to the modern eye, are consistent with training rigor
required for combat excellence. That
must include individual and collective tasks, plus those of command and
control. Just the formation of shield
walls, and the opening of them to allow cavalry to make passages of line out
and in return, is the highest order of collective competence. This done at Arsuf by Richard I, by the
Knights that counter attacks Saladin’s encircling forces, and drove him from
the field. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>There is also a popular perception that the Templars were
uptight and religious today emulated with pomp and circumstance of which I have
enjoyed. But as a combat veteran and
long serving solder of 33 years, those don’t fit. The Anal Retentive is the default standing
army preferred personality type, but which in combat tend to freeze in
indecision or stick to a stupid one regardless.
Likewise the default Anal Retentive is obsessed with neatness, while the
original Templars were filthy in accordance with the notion that filthy is
faithful piety. Something that many
monks followed.<o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-hT-bbM1Og7GX5BDewTU-CAMGCA4E2C8sIP3jM2h2yjMRshIA5vwYwANGAOzinKnqYfH48QHcDsBVZcCaX-Ur360HqpL8XX6yKn94NhoNgD9hg5bW1DzbhVZwPzAkc9S4d8BXxJQlrPyG/s1600/Grimm_png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-hT-bbM1Og7GX5BDewTU-CAMGCA4E2C8sIP3jM2h2yjMRshIA5vwYwANGAOzinKnqYfH48QHcDsBVZcCaX-Ur360HqpL8XX6yKn94NhoNgD9hg5bW1DzbhVZwPzAkc9S4d8BXxJQlrPyG/s640/Grimm_png.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>It was a matter of pride and practice that the garb of
the Templars were hand repaired and often tattered and torn. Yet the complaints against them was often
that they were arrogant and offensive to others. Such is the manner of elite troops forever
more. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Likewise there is a popular notion that the Temple was
religiously fanatic in accordance with (Catholic) doctrine. As a matter of fact, Cathars were welcome. The
last we hear of the order after the burning is of Cathars in possession of
important artifacts of the order. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">The first real clue as to the nature of the knights real
makeup is found in St Bernard’s </span></a><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">presentation
in which he condemns the disreputable nature of those who are about to turn
their lives around. </span><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="http://www.templiers.org/eloge-chapitre2-eng.php"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;">http://www.templiers.org/eloge-chapitre2-eng.php</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Praise
of the New Knighthood<br />
Liber ad milites Templi : De laude novae militae<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chapter
2</span><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">What then, O knights, is this
monstrous error and what this unbearable urge which bids you fight with such
pomp and labor, and all to no purpose except death and sin? You cover your
horses with silk, and plume your armor with I know not what sort of rags; you
paint your shields and your saddles; you adorn your bits and spurs with gold
and silver and precious stones, and then in all this glory you rush to your
ruin with fearful wrath and fearless folly. Are these the trappings of a
warrior or are they not rather the trinkets of a woman? Do you think the swords
of your foes will be turned back by your gold, spare your jewels or be unable
to pierce your silks?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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As you yourselves have often certainly experienced, a warrior especially needs
these three things--he must guard his person with strength, shrewdness and
care; he must be free in his movements, and he must be quick to draw his sword.
Then why do you blind yourselves with effeminate locks and trip yourselves up
with long and full tunics, burying your tender, delicate hands in big
cumbersome sleeves? Above all, there is that terrible insecurity of conscience,
in spite of all your armor, since you have dared to undertake such a dangerous
business on such slight and frivolous grounds. What else is the cause of wars
and the root of disputes among you, except unreasonable flashes of anger, the
thirst for empty glory, or the hankering after some earthly possessions? It
certainly is not safe to kill or to be killed for such causes as these.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><b>The recruits here addressed are
being dressed down for their lethal egotism and in view of the Popes desire for
a Peace of God to cut down on rampant petty warfare. St Bernard established the desired goals of
the “New Knighthood’ in Chapters 3 and 4 of his treatise.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.templiers.org/eloge-chapitre3-eng.php">http://www.templiers.org/eloge-chapitre3-eng.php</a></span><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><b>CHAPTER 3 - On the new knighthood<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><b>. But the knights of Christ may
safely fight the battles of their Lord, fearing neither sin if they smite the
enemy, nor danger at their own death; since to inflict death or to die for
Christ is no sin, but rather, an abundant claim to glory. In the first case one
gains for Christ, and in the second one gains Christ himself. The Lord freely
accepts the death of the foe who has offended him, and yet more freely gives
himself for the consolation of his fallen knight.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><b> The knight of Christ, I say, may strike with
confidence and die yet more confidently, for he serves Christ when he strikes,
and serves himself when he falls. Neither does he bear the sword in vain, for
he is God's minister, for the punishment of evildoers and for the praise of the
good. If he kills an evildoer, he is not a mankiller, but, if I may so put it,
a killer of evil. He is evidently the avenger of Christ towards evildoers and
he is rightly considered a defender of Christians. Should he be killed himself,
we know that he has not perished, but has come safely into port. When he
inflicts death it is to Christ's profit, and when he suffers death, it is for
his own gain. The Christian glories in the death of the pagan, because Christ
is glorified; while the death of the Christian gives occasion for the King to
show his liberality in the rewarding of his knight. In the one case the just shall
rejoice when he sees justice done, and in the other man shall say, truly there
is a reward for the just; truly it is God who judges the earth.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><b> I do not mean to say that the pagans are to be
slaughtered when there is any other way to prevent them from harassing and
persecuting the faithful, but only that it now seems better to destroy them
than that the rod of sinners be lifted over the lot of the just, and the
righteous perhaps put forth their hands unto iniquity.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><b>In addition to the details in <i>Liber ad
milites Templi : De laude novae militae, </i>the Rule of the order addresses
behaviors in detail to keep order in the close confines in collective life of
the Brotherhood.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><a href="http://www.templiers.org/regle1-eng.php">http://www.templiers.org/regle1-eng.php</a></span><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><b>There is reference to meetings of
the knights of the order in their commanderies in which only knights were to
attend. Given the amount of time
necessary for training and planning for an active military force, I suspect that these had a military and political orientation. The training should have involved war gaming,
staff coordination, and exercise in specific techniques. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmOLx6tEZDIUsHPIS-tYjOObhrMEWuUP1qsEF0Jtwm5NseU61ugpioiDnYj2OUoEqDwC0HU8dDlhprZ4wM011DUqqXX2jPHCNwk-YvHXncoORcUttqTDxF9kMZdyPE9hanL7XIU7GkiXO1/s1600/Spearhead_04_PP.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><b><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmOLx6tEZDIUsHPIS-tYjOObhrMEWuUP1qsEF0Jtwm5NseU61ugpioiDnYj2OUoEqDwC0HU8dDlhprZ4wM011DUqqXX2jPHCNwk-YvHXncoORcUttqTDxF9kMZdyPE9hanL7XIU7GkiXO1/s640/Spearhead_04_PP.png" width="640" /></b></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Changing spear from spear point up to out for fighting over the shield wall</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><b>There remains the question of
field exercises which are absolutely necessary for collective training, as well
as drills for mounted and massed formations.
In addition to fighting mounted and dismounted as needed, the Temple was
used as advisors like Special Forces to train and lead formations of otherwise
less capable forces. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><b>Since the Temple fought in
consistent fashion, a consistent doctrine should have been available for use in
coordinating the effectiveness of the forces.
No documents have been surfaced to date that indicate what they said,
but the content can be partly deduced here and there. This doctrine would have been treated as
classified. </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Gothic Std B";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-37116239340670425872016-06-08T17:20:00.000-05:002016-06-09T12:20:46.147-05:00Convert or Cut a Deal<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK7"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK6"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK5"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK3"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOddM_liwVmLBSxP97VI5umhfcY1lZIBpRkNUaGA6VDNZJy47BHLBRK1AbAzJRGdfTtpXkMtO3rP5QhzyJ4YrZtq9lc5yapSGUEc9ooi8yPqt2ZfarRZeBpyGZf7SH3Ci2OZDWx7czejkY/s1600/Mongol4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOddM_liwVmLBSxP97VI5umhfcY1lZIBpRkNUaGA6VDNZJy47BHLBRK1AbAzJRGdfTtpXkMtO3rP5QhzyJ4YrZtq9lc5yapSGUEc9ooi8yPqt2ZfarRZeBpyGZf7SH3Ci2OZDWx7czejkY/s320/Mongol4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">0<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Convert
or Die is a Waste of a Good Axe.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Convert
Or Die is a waste of a good axe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those
who convert are unreliable, and the rest are worth more sold as slaves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those who must die are those whose death sets
an example, one will do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Better convert
or Cut a Deal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Machiavelli:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Upon
this, one has to remark that men ought either to be well treated or<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">crushed,
because they can avenge themselves of lighter injuries, of more serious ones
they cannot; therefore the injury that is to be done to a man ought to be of
such a kind that one does not stand in fear of revenge. </span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Machiavelli, The Prince<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Machiavelli also warns that one
must kill all of those in need, executed all at once by one of their own, whose
body is displayed as an apology once done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Chicago style. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The act of conversion (or
surrender) must be credible and readily recognized by the capturing force.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In WW2, the Germans would surrender only
with a duly signed certificate and delivered with specific places, times and
manner of surrender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Gns9qh-2_Fz4J5QMcl5vgvn7Wc3twtQP9Jo4dZX9e3caVkTlWVJiYR3NysAslrdKvhTc5uU3ozst7A14Nrgs-kovyKypgKFE99dVotQP3M4v1YWrUp9XplMy4TY26nwYMyqG-7Kic5yf/s1600/C+onvert+Pass.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Gns9qh-2_Fz4J5QMcl5vgvn7Wc3twtQP9Jo4dZX9e3caVkTlWVJiYR3NysAslrdKvhTc5uU3ozst7A14Nrgs-kovyKypgKFE99dVotQP3M4v1YWrUp9XplMy4TY26nwYMyqG-7Kic5yf/s640/C+onvert+Pass.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">WW 2 Surrender Leaflets/ Safe Passes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In order to facilitate
surrender or conversion of non-Muslim forces and places facing a Muslim force,
only the Shahada need be pronounced:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXyazwuhGSy3rrwDriv1uAM4KXHz9I_AwS-jWkkKqoC6eQIDbdnofAPIg3cnUSlhiVY7kkmwTstan1tWczxr4ER6YDiJW5daur37hI7J0EUN1Jv2rPvKfTWhMP1YnWH1YvgcDUleY3Jx94/s1600/shahada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXyazwuhGSy3rrwDriv1uAM4KXHz9I_AwS-jWkkKqoC6eQIDbdnofAPIg3cnUSlhiVY7kkmwTstan1tWczxr4ER6YDiJW5daur37hI7J0EUN1Jv2rPvKfTWhMP1YnWH1YvgcDUleY3Jx94/s640/shahada.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt 0.5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God</span></i></b></span></a></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">These words are central to the
faith that in various forms of calligraphy are found everywhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a commitment to the rules and
regulations of Islam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
sentence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This facilitated the imposition
of what we call today “Stability Operations” which includes Civil Affairs and
Military Governance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Islam grew as
either a religiously motivated army or a militarily motivated religion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two are inseparable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As well as religion and the state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLOdh_SuZ2NmjjyAPFA7BMWqOAuJjquuLUFhG7utx4h57fLdTXryTJuREHzNUrwClyVzbZGjEuRjrJbyCOfdYHvBGprP7qLQ88vdvRzYLQNDrmmtacfvnJmtq4LBD_6MRtZGUiWPf5Q6NV/s1600/Islam+750.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLOdh_SuZ2NmjjyAPFA7BMWqOAuJjquuLUFhG7utx4h57fLdTXryTJuREHzNUrwClyVzbZGjEuRjrJbyCOfdYHvBGprP7qLQ88vdvRzYLQNDrmmtacfvnJmtq4LBD_6MRtZGUiWPf5Q6NV/s640/Islam+750.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Conquests of the first Caliphates</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This undoubtedly facilitated
the rapid expansion of Islam under Mohammed, and his immediate successors from
Arabia to Kabul to Spain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition
was the ability of the Commanders of Islamic forces to negotiate with those who
might have resisted or remained as a hostile presence in the rear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This allowed those “conquered” to maintain
that part of their culture most commonly known in the West as family law, and
the customs of the village.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This is particularly noted by
Khalid ibn-al Walid on his conquest of Damascus in 635 AD:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. This is what
Khalid ibn al-Walid would Grant to the inhabitants of Damascus if he enters
therein: <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">He promises to give them security for their lives, property, and
churches. Their city shall not be demolished, neither shall any Muslim be
quartered in their houses. Thereunto we give them the pact of Allah and the
protection of his Prophet, the caliphs, and the believers. <o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">So long as they pay the poll tax, nothing but good shall befall them.”</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">11</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This was particularly applied those
whose religion is “of the book” of Abraham. Christians and Jews were able to
rise to positions of wealth and power within the realm of Islam, particularly
with reference to Arab Muslim polities (nations are a recent development).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the Jews were expelled from Spain in
1500, they either went to Protestant nations (Holland, England) or to Ottoman
Turkey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There they served as valuable intelligence
assets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIesqyRHkC3RIIS4DJ4UklC5O9IYFs3RLaY5d2a1rt6nnuvgEeu38Vgl3jBq4yYPFyg8U_UE0J6x87_A3cNCu57EcNHYUaMgUDuhF-1qJ70AS7vsbTx7aGzyy43uTOlZ4SFPve4BbmoN6z/s1600/2000px-Expulsion_judios-Png.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIesqyRHkC3RIIS4DJ4UklC5O9IYFs3RLaY5d2a1rt6nnuvgEeu38Vgl3jBq4yYPFyg8U_UE0J6x87_A3cNCu57EcNHYUaMgUDuhF-1qJ70AS7vsbTx7aGzyy43uTOlZ4SFPve4BbmoN6z/s640/2000px-Expulsion_judios-Png.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Napoleonic Wars marked the he reversal of
these accommodations by extreme nationalism or by extreme religious oppression,
a process that began to be expressed in the face of the growth of Western
Imperialism in Africa and the Middle East. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That
villages and communities of other faiths and customs that are now being
destroyed lasted over a thousand years under a far more amendable rule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If Islam was inherently intolerant, these
would have disappeared centuries ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcES9xV1fIBsQtA5_l1c5TzdTdgq8JOC4LZSTphoLQYjPIXwDZf5-5YQ9BMxf1XIJGRzpUzfjIDp2_AWOXQcwtLGUMKB7Qtx0DhLiQl-aa6fHsaLSTdn01mJ6bbuorH9jRkjhnQKFZrjZd/s1600/MILLETS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcES9xV1fIBsQtA5_l1c5TzdTdgq8JOC4LZSTphoLQYjPIXwDZf5-5YQ9BMxf1XIJGRzpUzfjIDp2_AWOXQcwtLGUMKB7Qtx0DhLiQl-aa6fHsaLSTdn01mJ6bbuorH9jRkjhnQKFZrjZd/s640/MILLETS.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Places where tolerance was officially observed in the Ottoman Empire</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Crusades and the Crusader
states existed in a Muslim world under these rules of tolerance, give or take a
massacre or two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Massacre, Pillage and Plunder.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The use of excessive violence
as part of military or political execution comes under several reoccurring
circumstances:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigfV3MFWGbWKzXmkJKn5qk9u1G20gGSoSfgBug2VkN6yWMchaX_pNDlzIVU-eqNtQ7eP1OlcCi09krwawmKDnkwA6o2lrYYTP8k-msEMsiwoxE0nwKYJttwypPh_uHmdF9L9haVYtBvIuf/s1600/a051b179a55fda13757b9485db5ac35a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigfV3MFWGbWKzXmkJKn5qk9u1G20gGSoSfgBug2VkN6yWMchaX_pNDlzIVU-eqNtQ7eP1OlcCi09krwawmKDnkwA6o2lrYYTP8k-msEMsiwoxE0nwKYJttwypPh_uHmdF9L9haVYtBvIuf/s640/a051b179a55fda13757b9485db5ac35a.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Richard I leading the counter attack at the Battle of Arsuf</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A Rout of Retreating
Forces</span></u></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fled became the dead in most battles
fought at close quarters. This included the not so ancient practice of
bayonetting the wounded. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The key to
success is to keep the enemy running unable to form a defense and urgently in
need of getting away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is where the
cavalry is let loose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL-v3DT8sCR6CLxAYrIFA4gt3UIB5tkyAO5GyeS3eqHBp8-jyh8Sviryt3DZicZ8L2RgOJu5rbCzPAr1aS2mW05jmpNzwDgQop5h-HujTPAyeQII_VXXVk8mQT87idvefksdlgldGATMTo/s1600/en-terrible-turks2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL-v3DT8sCR6CLxAYrIFA4gt3UIB5tkyAO5GyeS3eqHBp8-jyh8Sviryt3DZicZ8L2RgOJu5rbCzPAr1aS2mW05jmpNzwDgQop5h-HujTPAyeQII_VXXVk8mQT87idvefksdlgldGATMTo/s640/en-terrible-turks2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Turks break into Constantinople in 1451</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Sack of a City</span></u></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This occurs when the walls of the city or
main defenses have been penetrated allowing the assault force full or rage and
blood lust had their way in most messy a fashion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The plunder taken was traditionally a part of
the wage and benefits package in olden days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Shown: The Fall of Constantinople 1451. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1C32yzaVlf6EYEoSW-mTAiB-AAKeVvj2hVaFK5HlX3xsnx0_82q4K9yfm7cCwo1FDlX_VZ_KYY71TKPI6whwZ-7i9JbHIR8ql4rVIhG81ad7Vtny_DVhVN-e0lLwCYNCCEfTXt1OcgH31/s1600/Romans_%2528Niketas_Oryphas%2529_punish_Cretan_Saracens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1C32yzaVlf6EYEoSW-mTAiB-AAKeVvj2hVaFK5HlX3xsnx0_82q4K9yfm7cCwo1FDlX_VZ_KYY71TKPI6whwZ-7i9JbHIR8ql4rVIhG81ad7Vtny_DVhVN-e0lLwCYNCCEfTXt1OcgH31/s640/Romans_%2528Niketas_Oryphas%2529_punish_Cretan_Saracens.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Execution of the Usual Suspects</span></u></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are those on the other side for whom
special enmity is bestowed plus those whose mere presence is a clear and
present danger, less those who can be turned to advantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After the Battle of Hattin,
Saladin had all the Knights of the Hospital and the Temple executed, save for
the Templar Grandmaster Girard de Rideford whose incompetence lead the Army
into the valley of death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Along with him
was the King of Jerusalem, Guy de Lusignan whose incompetence as King broke the
Kingdom as a major player.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saving the
dud can do good works. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV7PdcU2Ye3dHyeyovomI4-FbUxH4vaFY830f1GIcA4LAniUV920LDlta30GOWqFG8jJxXEFw3VpWM5zspk4LlsmjNyCldGQoEm9YIaZzw7MZwpGp3hI-N8BEG2V1WtlzNNVKWLVXLgMdR/s1600/1024px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV7PdcU2Ye3dHyeyovomI4-FbUxH4vaFY830f1GIcA4LAniUV920LDlta30GOWqFG8jJxXEFw3VpWM5zspk4LlsmjNyCldGQoEm9YIaZzw7MZwpGp3hI-N8BEG2V1WtlzNNVKWLVXLgMdR/s640/1024px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem surrenders to Saladin</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">9<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Blackmail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></u></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This is the threat of massacre,
pillage and/or plunder to achieve a political or military objective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes one has to make one’s point, give a
head or two.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV22dZT7Rbe7RPwdYFH2WqR1VbFKHfA1KaVIHBIQC2m4sEOQDATI30h3aFMsr2Y-bKaNDND46YCKUGyRrTyxie5NHPnMqyD0vQu4BCUjBwxI48DSohMFc_C9-Lgs9tyLV3TGzPKXqqj3Yi/s1600/Acre_PP.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV22dZT7Rbe7RPwdYFH2WqR1VbFKHfA1KaVIHBIQC2m4sEOQDATI30h3aFMsr2Y-bKaNDND46YCKUGyRrTyxie5NHPnMqyD0vQu4BCUjBwxI48DSohMFc_C9-Lgs9tyLV3TGzPKXqqj3Yi/s640/Acre_PP.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Massacre at Acre under Richard I's orders</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Richard I executed the
population of Acre in retaliation for what he thought was stalling on ransom by
Saladin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Saladin established a
reputation with the Crusaders as an upstanding and honorable man, right or
wrong. This respect in terms of the rules of war, migrated back to Europe to
found the basis of what later became Chivalry. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There was a specific punishment
for Templar Knights who said the Sahada consisted of a year of the silent treatment
and eating on the floor like the dogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some other knights stayed on in Muslim forces to be heard of now and
then.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Crusader cities had
commercial and political alliances with each other which alliances were often
wrecked by outsiders full of piss and vinegar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tiberias and Ibelin of the Army of Jerusalem were on the verge on
signing an alliance under the protection of Saladin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was wrecked by the Grandmaster, and the
Templars up to the Horns of Hattin.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Since then, much has been made
of the bloody passages in the Koran and other Muslim books as “proof” of
inherent Islamic bloodiness. Likewise are found the same in the Old and New
Testament, from which traditions the Koran was written.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like the Ten Commandments, they are applied
as much in the breach as the observation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Students and practitioners of
the profession at arms must objectively assess the circumstances lest the
subjective swallow them whole. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Romans did at the Battle of Yarmouk in 636 against Khalid and the die was cast.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Gordon S Fowkes, LTC USA RET,
KCTJ<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK4;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7;"><span style="font-family: "arial rounded mt bold" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-88273046921475752742015-08-23T06:17:00.000-05:002015-08-23T06:17:58.734-05:00Vale Cento - 12th Century Oars at War<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Argos;">Oars at War, XII Century<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos;">La Nave Vale Cento<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Galleys, Dromons, and Triremes are not row boats. They are propelled by oars, and therefore it
is more appropriate to call the ships with oar propulsion systems as “oar ships”,
like in ‘steam ships’ or ‘sailing ships’.
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Argos; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">OARING AROUND<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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There is more than one way to oar a boat than just pulling
an oar one way to make the boat go in the other. Sometimes this is called “sculling” but that
name has at least two meanings, that of the boat, and that of the method of
rowing. Instead of sitting or standing
facing aft (rear), the oarsman faces forward.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 2<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDnWnoLwL0b1e2uzwcWupoHotl1qjxcDmNYrn1A8D7eyg_H1zhwbcaM3rCyKdNfsZMQQ2Uij8titzFeLGJHrq07-5siZC99DYvQsD-MQK5jmuQqqocwbf6kc1mv1pMIm6ea1ujT-VT7d1E/s1600/2_Voga+d%2527+Venice+JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDnWnoLwL0b1e2uzwcWupoHotl1qjxcDmNYrn1A8D7eyg_H1zhwbcaM3rCyKdNfsZMQQ2Uij8titzFeLGJHrq07-5siZC99DYvQsD-MQK5jmuQqqocwbf6kc1mv1pMIm6ea1ujT-VT7d1E/s640/2_Voga+d%2527+Venice+JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Regata a Cannaregio - Carnival Venice<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCE0BavkLD0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCE0BavkLD0</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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In order for a gondolier to be certified, one of the tasks
required is to move the boat sideways. This gives rise to a series of alternate
combinations of rowing and “voga” on an oar ship for tight maneuvering in
battle. It also reduces the width of a
ship and since the oars often stay in the water, are not as adversely affected
by waves as in the normal face aft rowing.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Historically, one viewing images done back then should note
which way the oarsmen are facing or in which the oars are at too steep an angle
to be rowed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The Venetian Regatta shows the variety of voga sculling:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9trsQRYmB40">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9trsQRYmB40</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 3<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsN7dQoxxAz-J_tR_TlGRSyE7Ax-rhKLk7kUjOi1b1J1H11wQPURTatPT5RGuAdcz0S-tmc-wYcZGeJZ7m3liJrYs4FSSryXq_AJKvB_gG2imn2oajNbnrtR43atZID0C6ioQtFOx3EHiU/s1600/3_Trajan+Triumph_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsN7dQoxxAz-J_tR_TlGRSyE7Ax-rhKLk7kUjOi1b1J1H11wQPURTatPT5RGuAdcz0S-tmc-wYcZGeJZ7m3liJrYs4FSSryXq_AJKvB_gG2imn2oajNbnrtR43atZID0C6ioQtFOx3EHiU/s640/3_Trajan+Triumph_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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This is how it is done, under the description as “sculling” as
a rowing style:<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 4</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRf38kUWP_DRffgxjMl89Tcex1fqUQVnCmFNdV-COnkcaVvjwIJHL9NYfBcAwlq66rxCsuM7UfjpDB0Hb8FSXcgshDezeRxxasT43CBadqEeopPi8f_MKSa_Lb-EONlsBAeZ3xt1TSItau/s1600/4_Scull_jj.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRf38kUWP_DRffgxjMl89Tcex1fqUQVnCmFNdV-COnkcaVvjwIJHL9NYfBcAwlq66rxCsuM7UfjpDB0Hb8FSXcgshDezeRxxasT43CBadqEeopPi8f_MKSa_Lb-EONlsBAeZ3xt1TSItau/s640/4_Scull_jj.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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While the artwork of the Crusade Era was crude, it often was
very accurate, despite problems of scale. In those days, people were more
important than the things.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 5</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJbo60VDPQfG3jc_yfuKCohBW4E7f9ZUKUa2oTlp8559NUUVVwISETCgc9oqoSQUR0vxZcBhm0rkcSt355ftkTIvNl1Y-tBGT0T8V7Hm8kg_C4-z9d_bYu1Q006oUciu8afOumq2Ice8E/s1600/5_4th+Crusade_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJbo60VDPQfG3jc_yfuKCohBW4E7f9ZUKUa2oTlp8559NUUVVwISETCgc9oqoSQUR0vxZcBhm0rkcSt355ftkTIvNl1Y-tBGT0T8V7Hm8kg_C4-z9d_bYu1Q006oUciu8afOumq2Ice8E/s640/5_4th+Crusade_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">NO SITTING AROUND<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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There is a popular academic theme that the default method of
oaring a galley required the oarsman to stand and sit. Just doing this without the oars, is enough
to wind a horse. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Fig 6</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGqBMGclCQVtj9jZYmYegeND7y3B_X6DW_RvySfKf9FPulnTeIU7HaCHQ_Sxt3fVxONOZBpOwOm54LUD626Qb7iXgonDCSY6q5Rm4AxM3pgTpkztuvZnI6PbmUZMuyZpzLNViT5g2sXkt/s1600/6_CREWJJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGqBMGclCQVtj9jZYmYegeND7y3B_X6DW_RvySfKf9FPulnTeIU7HaCHQ_Sxt3fVxONOZBpOwOm54LUD626Qb7iXgonDCSY6q5Rm4AxM3pgTpkztuvZnI6PbmUZMuyZpzLNViT5g2sXkt/s640/6_CREWJJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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While placing one’s
weight on the bench in front, the weight of the body in recovery must have the
center of gravity in front of the center of mass. Once the oarsman sits down, the inertia to
get up again at the same time as the oars exit the water by clever twist of the
wrist is overtaken by gravity. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 7</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilzJ1LNGNLorfLhoS6a8DwCFQuq2fU6KA9GoigmJ0cZyj_pv6kTExo2DfBxRbhuq0oFsQPpCgx6jhOvCPN8XFTTrn3J8cEv7ob_Gb0v9Mrc8wSFAv6T7wxutBsVhZE9it_N-_TxAdtVZIG/s1600/7_Voga2_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilzJ1LNGNLorfLhoS6a8DwCFQuq2fU6KA9GoigmJ0cZyj_pv6kTExo2DfBxRbhuq0oFsQPpCgx6jhOvCPN8XFTTrn3J8cEv7ob_Gb0v9Mrc8wSFAv6T7wxutBsVhZE9it_N-_TxAdtVZIG/s640/7_Voga2_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos;">MOVING YOUR ASS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos;"><br /></span></div>
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The “Boys In The Boat”, 1936 Berlin Olympics<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n58w0BctOvs">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n58w0BctOvs</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Unlike modern rowing on sliding seats, the ass still must
move to move the center of gravity and strength fore and aft. That means standing is the best option to
push and drive.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 8</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiePg7PhmaXi5dAHj5K1jtji1TKbVy-p-r8lCdSEjxWoAGChx5Xzl16WGEGVEdWwhIzhrQ2kryR2OD6vnqz3BdRmQ5x56U7Os8RfRqTe1ZW0pOyeOD_3CIIyh13wOKfAA-IhWSbhx-kYTgi/s1600/8_Lifting_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiePg7PhmaXi5dAHj5K1jtji1TKbVy-p-r8lCdSEjxWoAGChx5Xzl16WGEGVEdWwhIzhrQ2kryR2OD6vnqz3BdRmQ5x56U7Os8RfRqTe1ZW0pOyeOD_3CIIyh13wOKfAA-IhWSbhx-kYTgi/s640/8_Lifting_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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To be Ergonomically Correct and remain within OSHA
guidelines, lifting and/or pulling requires that the weight or resistance of
the object to be lifted or pulled (Oar), be focused at the gut or lower. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 9</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOxkWL1xWNMUcyGENWKcP43donnB6lHvs1PJrzJd2ZhspTVTzeWA_5fW8sSmQ64Ac14x90Nl0o4a1G1ypOYpvmfanUmcIYjeTsQuy2RBJR2GtF5QenCuWuW4-xwDRRW4w0IVawJh5Wncqy/s1600/9_R%2526R_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOxkWL1xWNMUcyGENWKcP43donnB6lHvs1PJrzJd2ZhspTVTzeWA_5fW8sSmQ64Ac14x90Nl0o4a1G1ypOYpvmfanUmcIYjeTsQuy2RBJR2GtF5QenCuWuW4-xwDRRW4w0IVawJh5Wncqy/s640/9_R%2526R_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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The Angle of the blade in the water (BIW) depends upon how
much weight is carried by the ship, which makes the draught deeper (better for
rowing) or shallow (not better). <o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 10</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg616kKQNd7WCD0nMDDICw4dcZZ8dQa_LfM5fS_Afrkh_SnLJSK5Z0iPX84FgjuPgmmeOAznzy-OtcY9BJ6CmSjefW4chWQc3o6vVCJJUhrinz3LbVBkRa8r1zhyphenhyphenIDG-Sm3WHUuQRMIQPn2/s1600/10-DRAUGHT_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg616kKQNd7WCD0nMDDICw4dcZZ8dQa_LfM5fS_Afrkh_SnLJSK5Z0iPX84FgjuPgmmeOAznzy-OtcY9BJ6CmSjefW4chWQc3o6vVCJJUhrinz3LbVBkRa8r1zhyphenhyphenIDG-Sm3WHUuQRMIQPn2/s640/10-DRAUGHT_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos;">The Ship “VALE CENTO” (worth
100)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos;">Fig 11</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDy0bwjDWgR6kTJE9MkY881R6wsJvOj5a2oiBTm_EICCbcISZE31HQjc1drk6gZXvcX2Tss35qwFT5mhynqvKq4zpWO8OsYlE3LIypfpedU1GDH_1P22Kny1Xic54qT8zn-0CDG07BUUtb/s1600/11+-Vale+Cento_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDy0bwjDWgR6kTJE9MkY881R6wsJvOj5a2oiBTm_EICCbcISZE31HQjc1drk6gZXvcX2Tss35qwFT5mhynqvKq4zpWO8OsYlE3LIypfpedU1GDH_1P22Kny1Xic54qT8zn-0CDG07BUUtb/s640/11+-Vale+Cento_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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This is a model I constructed in the 3D application known as
PoserPro2012 consisting largely of “primitives”, some parts of other models
(oars and sails) with a crew of 45 using the low resolution characters made by
EPIC1 available at Renderosity:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://www.renderosity.com/mod/bcs/?uid=486503">https://www.renderosity.com/mod/bcs/?uid=486503</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Fig 12</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8o9sgDG7A7GnlvlevcSo7NE8W7kcr1sS_4ooEbkUawEsRMVSaeuGX6UrG2Vc0bdPhkVVSoKpJP5oIrq_x_qcrvHLPtEwKc0_76Q4xN-Abf6H-33-mij86j8PBZBmH0iykXOBuSceYL4YA/s1600/12+-+Bridge_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8o9sgDG7A7GnlvlevcSo7NE8W7kcr1sS_4ooEbkUawEsRMVSaeuGX6UrG2Vc0bdPhkVVSoKpJP5oIrq_x_qcrvHLPtEwKc0_76Q4xN-Abf6H-33-mij86j8PBZBmH0iykXOBuSceYL4YA/s640/12+-+Bridge_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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Navigation equipment includes a sand dial, an Arabian “Kamal”
(Search), and an Astrolabe, a late addition to the navigation tools available
to a well-equipped Templar ship to determine latitude. Longitude had to wait
for another five hundred years for a decent clock to be invented.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 13</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDdEaK7kTuD4K_SMYb1Bg-IRCz9RxqNaeU7QDKAXY0fnmz_JfzkRHnEiTH5lYQoBnYypScA9d4aLAONFE3nYzFVhaKfQoQakgPhCrC3FUemNuYM2FDdNdKILeZGqfhwE4nfFwOhtVw8ZJT/s1600/13-specs_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDdEaK7kTuD4K_SMYb1Bg-IRCz9RxqNaeU7QDKAXY0fnmz_JfzkRHnEiTH5lYQoBnYypScA9d4aLAONFE3nYzFVhaKfQoQakgPhCrC3FUemNuYM2FDdNdKILeZGqfhwE4nfFwOhtVw8ZJT/s640/13-specs_JJ.jpg" width="620" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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The Vale Cento main weapons systems are located on the
forecastle (front bow) which is raised and covered with raw hide to retard
flames. The main armament consists of a Tension
Trebuchet and a Greek Fire Projection System.
The tension trebuchet predates the dead weight gravity system. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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In addition to your usual rock, spear and arrow suite, the
projectiles thrown by tension trebuchet and free hand and stick methods
included grenades containing caltrops, Greek Fire, lye (to burn the eyes), and
grease to make the decks slippery. In addition to the Greek Fire Projection
System, chemical warfare dominated naval ordnance. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The defense against Greek Fire, which burned on water, was
to pour a mix of stale urine and vinegar. This gives rise, obviously, that the
term “full of piss and vinegar” meant ready to fight.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 14</div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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The exact composition of Greek Fire is unknown. What is known is that it was short range
system, that fired in short ball shaped blasts with trail and roaring
noise. The recent detonation of Sodium
Cyanide in Tientsin in China caused by firemen’s water hoses trying to put out
a fire, suggests that Greek Fire could be mixed in varying degrees of
volatility that include instant ignition in contact with water.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 14 Dragon</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvWhAuqMhZbpIqds0jzHZX6DINe5dcNq0hes1t-URZfMOkeCK8KNMcjLyBzTqGbhwReBmszMb0WTOz13xPOH8iNZLhGooULTu89To3MsOIBnW6_EAgpi4L8OTbRnM-pa0UiYoYIj0LaGSJ/s1600/14-Dragon_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvWhAuqMhZbpIqds0jzHZX6DINe5dcNq0hes1t-URZfMOkeCK8KNMcjLyBzTqGbhwReBmszMb0WTOz13xPOH8iNZLhGooULTu89To3MsOIBnW6_EAgpi4L8OTbRnM-pa0UiYoYIj0LaGSJ/s640/14-Dragon_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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Fig 15 Sling</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ27h5InnhDrKz8gtw7NJVIDsqJz6ow4I_Oh2LN53Oj8zQTVouANUzhfwHE1CX4-t_nkhLbfHWk5CK8cx2eolVEuHThg8Hidj42_1oCZkHHLy10rU9xriMcjRehH5aRhScA2vSK6u6a6_i/s1600/16-Traction+Trebuchet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ27h5InnhDrKz8gtw7NJVIDsqJz6ow4I_Oh2LN53Oj8zQTVouANUzhfwHE1CX4-t_nkhLbfHWk5CK8cx2eolVEuHThg8Hidj42_1oCZkHHLy10rU9xriMcjRehH5aRhScA2vSK6u6a6_i/s640/16-Traction+Trebuchet.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: Argos;">GREEK FIRE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos;"><br /></span></div>
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The best technology readily available to project a mix of
water and Greek Fire is the same system to make large fountains, by force of
water pulled by gravity through tubes and projected out of nozzles. The
simple solution on board a ship is connecting a barrel of water through pipes
to a place where the Greek Fire could be mixed. This had to be well
forward. And at the point of mixture,
the pipes will heat up, hence best to shoot once the mix is mixed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The higher the water
source, the farther the fountain will shoot.
The technical problems extant at the time was that hoses and pressure
pumps were not invented until about 1650.
Pressure vessels secure enough for boilers had to wait for the
train. Water pipes were made of copper,
lead, and wood from then until fairly recently. Valves to control water go back
to Roman times. “A foot of height generates 0.43 pounds per square inch (psi)
of water pressure, so a cistern does not have to be that tall to develop enough
pressure to give a fountain a reasonable display” (wiki)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 16 pipes</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYE-zdpVrtEmxWqwncviXnxKVbcGPvGnT20qPLJ6JreE-PPIp81WFw6xx3GQhQ4zYqulFC3Tg0F0sRTCyUpQwRlH5uq8uA3PGgbqQYv_JPNrs7eBMT7V4Q9ITjSgHEgrgdgNVbhY7xJ1ak/s1600/15+-+pipes_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYE-zdpVrtEmxWqwncviXnxKVbcGPvGnT20qPLJ6JreE-PPIp81WFw6xx3GQhQ4zYqulFC3Tg0F0sRTCyUpQwRlH5uq8uA3PGgbqQYv_JPNrs7eBMT7V4Q9ITjSgHEgrgdgNVbhY7xJ1ak/s640/15+-+pipes_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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The Vale Cento places the source of water on wooden pipes
that are fastened to the mast and just behind so as to not interfere with
tacking. That requires a fairly long
pipe to stay clear of the yards and make its way to the syphon (nozzle). Dromons and other Galleys of the era also
carried a supply of lead sheets, which would facilitate making or repairing
joints. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 16 GFPS</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE4EAptzHxWFyj0uupWtzcyRWUuseUBKLEAPmiB_a-_-S_4bCKLAz4YqYKqELrajqGPGxN52kp_CzvtxWMnq39RKNvumDqc8leTK75TI_6H6otetrMdInge6E7KS_2jzo0VtP-DpDZWSj4/s1600/16-GFPS_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE4EAptzHxWFyj0uupWtzcyRWUuseUBKLEAPmiB_a-_-S_4bCKLAz4YqYKqELrajqGPGxN52kp_CzvtxWMnq39RKNvumDqc8leTK75TI_6H6otetrMdInge6E7KS_2jzo0VtP-DpDZWSj4/s640/16-GFPS_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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The GFPS crew has at least two operators, one who pours the
tube of Greek Fire (all reports say that Greek Fire was handled in tubes) into
the GFPS Breach. The Operator below,<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Makes sure that first both the Water Pipe and
the GF Pipe are closed<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Waits for command that water is being loaded,
and confirms by touch.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Waits for alert that the Greek Fire is loaded,
by signal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->On the command to fire, the Operator opens the
GF pipe until it fills the chamber with the right amount of fuel,<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Shuts off the GF valve, and<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Opens the Water Valve, until the Greek Fire is
cleared from the nozzle<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Shuts off the Water<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 17 GFPS</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4laP-2iL7koTH6kRQaHvQOYdsq-urXCxbMdVlfYNhRU7aorQ3tsoRDg8feS6OOObKhrHFGo-oYl1YgahCr-npOgE4-s-yk1tcx-c55mSang23IRt1Ly3wGmdvZDFVeRCthEl9J7nFqFIM/s1600/17+-GFPS_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4laP-2iL7koTH6kRQaHvQOYdsq-urXCxbMdVlfYNhRU7aorQ3tsoRDg8feS6OOObKhrHFGo-oYl1YgahCr-npOgE4-s-yk1tcx-c55mSang23IRt1Ly3wGmdvZDFVeRCthEl9J7nFqFIM/s640/17+-GFPS_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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Great care must be taken in the storage and movement of
munitions which, except for sharp or blunt objects react to water. Thus any leakage in storage will require
frequent inspections, as well as the urine inspector to ensure that the right stench
is in order. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Given the extreme dangers of chemical weapons of this era,
it is essential that battle is best done with the weather gauge. As in up wind. There are a lot of stories about Greek Fire
being dropped from barrels and boats onto the decks of ships, which, given
Murphy’s Law, will be one’s own. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Fig 18 Grenades</div>
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<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: Argos;">SAILING THE VALE CENTO</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Sailing the Vale Cento, like all with Lateen sails, tacking
requires turning around, raising the main yard arm high enough to swing the
lower (forward) edge of the sail across in front of the mast. This requires
letting loose the sheets and catching them on the way back.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaswzQJS4BHCpWA2dF-uDOkDE8S1k40e4zU2TFqLK1NLpuwIRa-Xytus03bTbUji_OOpnBR6leg_Qfrh7CHYXV25PqFXkHTsnJWEI658SjmF7ql0lTvdlYC3U-AoxR3MUTe1lPbtCuD8gT/s1600/19+-+Tacky+Galley_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="536" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaswzQJS4BHCpWA2dF-uDOkDE8S1k40e4zU2TFqLK1NLpuwIRa-Xytus03bTbUji_OOpnBR6leg_Qfrh7CHYXV25PqFXkHTsnJWEI658SjmF7ql0lTvdlYC3U-AoxR3MUTe1lPbtCuD8gT/s640/19+-+Tacky+Galley_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Fig 19 tacky<o:p></o:p></div>
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Then there is the problem of the six month cycle of winds
and currents, but that is another story.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gordon S Fowkes, <o:p></o:p></div>
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M.Ed., KCTJ,
LTC USA RET<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-31266709077142907182014-12-02T02:26:00.005-06:002015-09-20T04:48:56.310-05:00Drakkar & Dromon - Oars and War<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dromon and Drakkar, Oars at War.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Argos; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gordon S Fowkes, KCTJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>Both Viking ship and
Mediterranean Galley played major roles in the Crusade as together they gained
a few centuries of naval and maritime superiority until the Ottomans picked up
where the Arabs had left. These war
vessels were often modified and expanded for commercial purposes and
complemented the rise of the short fat sailing ships that was the life blood of
the 12<sup>th</sup> Century Renaissance. They represented two distinct design
and construction plans but which intermingled and married in the shipyards
north and south.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNGfpic3_5DtdEyVIJMdA-FexmGXOz0TU7yX46-zIftRTBb-N9bXCD3qf8k3J5XQcEqE-Jk1T4Kx3lVyRSEyTAXmqP7ui8pMWxVqKSlDzamrwK8Id2cr1NxhxttETlGTEebJtmcjvjuIS0/s1600/1ANormans_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNGfpic3_5DtdEyVIJMdA-FexmGXOz0TU7yX46-zIftRTBb-N9bXCD3qf8k3J5XQcEqE-Jk1T4Kx3lVyRSEyTAXmqP7ui8pMWxVqKSlDzamrwK8Id2cr1NxhxttETlGTEebJtmcjvjuIS0/s1600/1ANormans_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>--1<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Drakkar (Longship) and Dromon
(Galley)</span></strong></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Viking Long Ship
was an exceptional sailing ship, with good to excellent rowing capabilities. It was not long before Viking ships were
shortened, the deck in place, and oars were stowed. The Dromon was the standard Byzantine warship
in the Mediterranean which became the warship of choice for all colors and
creeds well into the gunpowder age. Both
ships were fast under oars and while it is now accepted that Dromons and other
Medieval galleys were rowed with the oarsmen standing up. Since the Vikings and Byzantines fought with
and against each other including service on Dromons against Byzantium’s
enemies, it is more than likely that rowing tips and ship design intermingled. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>These ships had a
high length to width ration in excess of seven to one. Even as high as ten to one. This high ratio plus the low angle the oars
had to have lowered the freeboard to the point that rowing in rough waters was
pointless. The distance between rowing
station (tholes, benches, thwarts, oars) on Viking ships was 32 inches, while
on the Dromon it was a foot longer.
Therefore there is likely a wide variety of rowing techniques. The paper Is
intended to muddy the differences.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Crusade Era crews
were made up of free men already organized in fraternal, commercial, and
military roles. In fact the use of
galley slaves is a rare exception in history and unsatisfactory when used. The
collective skill sets required of oarsmen as shown here requires drill team
precision and football ardor<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAKS2aPEP9T4qS6XfuUjSKSZxwpY6kYi1G-4ONk7aYFyVo5zmBfZbDfrd5VXHOu7dnwMJCwnj-gIcVh16sO22-f0Xg_NVmFzcOROKF9_b2Q7WBhRrM3o23f-prF69br0vsoHpfpmeXnqu9/s1600/Fire_JJ_07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAKS2aPEP9T4qS6XfuUjSKSZxwpY6kYi1G-4ONk7aYFyVo5zmBfZbDfrd5VXHOu7dnwMJCwnj-gIcVh16sO22-f0Xg_NVmFzcOROKF9_b2Q7WBhRrM3o23f-prF69br0vsoHpfpmeXnqu9/s1600/Fire_JJ_07.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>-2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Boat Races</span></strong></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>1959, I was a
coxswain on the University of California (Berkeley) Crew, then consisting of
the 8-oared shell. That’s the little guy
at the back (aft) of the boat with a big mouth with eight really big guys on
the oars. We used to race up and down
the Alameda estuary for races and practice.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>In order to see what
these ships and crews were capable of, one can look at You Tube:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>“Holy Smokes, they
are flying!” An eight oared shell <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sJU5MALkgg">Holy Smokes, they're flying</a></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64XlU9-Q7Ww3nZd6Y-i9fy2CyXJMvR7qPxXbAhVp3BuRcni9nEIFrluNKNYeSEA2657668yC1GsdW9eGsq9jWvQ2eJZiOAElvWLSB5cgpnb_3aMhxuA0IWlApAy4euL-2LlJJAqFhckXY/s1600/HolySmokesTheyFly.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64XlU9-Q7Ww3nZd6Y-i9fy2CyXJMvR7qPxXbAhVp3BuRcni9nEIFrluNKNYeSEA2657668yC1GsdW9eGsq9jWvQ2eJZiOAElvWLSB5cgpnb_3aMhxuA0IWlApAy4euL-2LlJJAqFhckXY/s1600/HolySmokesTheyFly.tif" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sJU5MALkgg"><b>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sJU5MALkgg</b></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>-3</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Modern racing shells
(solo to eight oars) use seats that slide, and so far as we know today, rowing
seats had to wait the 19<sup>th</sup> Century.
More than likely.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Imagine one of those
dromons with as many as a hundred oarsmen would look like in a final drive to
close with the enemy.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">BALANCE OF POWER<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The “balance of
power” of the oarsmen exerted between port and starboard, and between fore and
aft is critical or the ship will heel and wobble. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<em><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Angles of Oars to Water.<o:p></o:p></span></b></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIfnx5eNj7_7snALieoOHpnBzkJaP2nXZu6YpkpeaIDTTgY-_xMUNouhllCX07JLS1Xox3ypY1TjTRFJArBuXYg7Ez8N30Unxw6KkOHSqsZuszyq8jHZxTrZ5oatoR5T8UExObKxHu-rVD/s1600/Anjou+1273.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIfnx5eNj7_7snALieoOHpnBzkJaP2nXZu6YpkpeaIDTTgY-_xMUNouhllCX07JLS1Xox3ypY1TjTRFJArBuXYg7Ez8N30Unxw6KkOHSqsZuszyq8jHZxTrZ5oatoR5T8UExObKxHu-rVD/s1600/Anjou+1273.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<em><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4</span></b></em></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<em><b><o:p></o:p></b></em><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>In order to get
maximum power between the oar and the water, the angle must be very low. This was a major design feature of all
galleys and Viking ships which also produced a very low distance between gunnel
and water. This made sailing any long
and low ship in troubled waters short and wet. As a consequence oar powered
vessels avoided rough water, hugged the shoreline and came on shore for bad
weather and/or night. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6b97lTrHXJoLiERZdPNIkdt2h82oENuMDFISdEVpOktMhnFaSLKpU3AQRwVxjl6oF_XV4HrQkUEBacl96MeUUTE4yAq4X5fDTtGFullLoFjkuFME_FGHc2qvjJ7JnfRgCSVhr7Ki-dykD/s1600/Clinker-Carvel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6b97lTrHXJoLiERZdPNIkdt2h82oENuMDFISdEVpOktMhnFaSLKpU3AQRwVxjl6oF_XV4HrQkUEBacl96MeUUTE4yAq4X5fDTtGFullLoFjkuFME_FGHc2qvjJ7JnfRgCSVhr7Ki-dykD/s1600/Clinker-Carvel.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>5</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKHbEHSn_viGdh58hpwTHhlEM7Pp65H6BfsBbdJBXRjYu26WuKATU0w3Shm8_XU9ckEbuK5TCjjv9akWdl4TZT0VFdlXicJtF36LuA-4TrmEasE_6YEHA-3g629lgoIIIc7-qmMvSB1WWX/s1600/KnarrConst.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKHbEHSn_viGdh58hpwTHhlEM7Pp65H6BfsBbdJBXRjYu26WuKATU0w3Shm8_XU9ckEbuK5TCjjv9akWdl4TZT0VFdlXicJtF36LuA-4TrmEasE_6YEHA-3g629lgoIIIc7-qmMvSB1WWX/s1600/KnarrConst.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Galleys of the
Mediterranean (later large galleys were used in the Wool trade to reach
northern waters were built frame first.
They, like the Romans and Greeks before, drove through the waver rather
than over. Unlike them, the ram had been removed and replaced with a prow. The tactics changed from ramming to boarding.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvbQsdgbecYDu_xS_vkf99AITwpZEGinEhesCzGV3IcS1eJljLFGAdjKpieUAD4AoaLHHzplmPpJLeTw85muKSG7lXrzsyy3LQSvyh0S9BBeP7NBxC3aEED4ggckpAIl7urjHD44CxcI6-/s1600/BayeuxTapestryScene38-730x118.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvbQsdgbecYDu_xS_vkf99AITwpZEGinEhesCzGV3IcS1eJljLFGAdjKpieUAD4AoaLHHzplmPpJLeTw85muKSG7lXrzsyy3LQSvyh0S9BBeP7NBxC3aEED4ggckpAIl7urjHD44CxcI6-/s1600/BayeuxTapestryScene38-730x118.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>6</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> The Viking Long Ship was clinker built (hull
built before framing), and had good sea keeping capabilities as it could bent
and twist in rough seas. Since the water
far at sea was likely to have higher waves than on rivers, Viking traders and
raiders shortened the length to width ratio to under five to one. This modification together with decking the
thwarts and relying on sail is what is depicted in the arts of the time. They could not have raided across the North
Sea to the Bosporus with a ship too long. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx3hd5zBDRM13qhx9GSgLpJlz-7q-TbGjzxqDZdPtMZVxTsyUNAElD_5B1QD6dbVAyVXdiyBNu1cqnTA0r3cOV0O7P45xUyVeMzRW7wAYXSiTxmdKfZjOrGpoGD7MB91k-LbkHeJlW_eBy/s1600/Viking+ShortShip.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx3hd5zBDRM13qhx9GSgLpJlz-7q-TbGjzxqDZdPtMZVxTsyUNAElD_5B1QD6dbVAyVXdiyBNu1cqnTA0r3cOV0O7P45xUyVeMzRW7wAYXSiTxmdKfZjOrGpoGD7MB91k-LbkHeJlW_eBy/s1600/Viking+ShortShip.bmp" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>7<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Therein lies the
mystery, which is where were the oarsman’s hands, feet and fanny relative to
the gunnel, oar, thwart and thole (oarlock).
The purpose of this article is to let in more dark to confuse
certainty. The short answer is that more
serious rowing required standing, not sitting.
But more before that:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<em><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Oars vs Rudder</span></b></em></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>If the power of the
port (left) is greater than starboard (right), the ship will turn to the right
(starboard). This requires the helmsman
to steer to port (left) which throws the ship off balance, by leaning away from
the turn; the ship rocks to the outside
of the turn which further unbalances the ship.
Been there, done that.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The selection and
placement of oarsmen and their oars with a mix of the skinny, round, tall and
short to keep that balance is essential.
While in modern rowing, the person has to fit in the boat, while that
choice was not as popular back then.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>8</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizjSNFAj6Ya1lj7BQxO-9_lAyqQKXY1RIdu0LSZZN0YhrmX9-pTvYKGuv0Cz7BPS5Up4jICLxWgCUgMhhl6vYPc4V3aX2sh4qxsT3X1Vx8LqWTYIxaeNjyiOHCxYaKZilpulJCRZ_1PgeJ/s1600/%2521+Galley+Vert+2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizjSNFAj6Ya1lj7BQxO-9_lAyqQKXY1RIdu0LSZZN0YhrmX9-pTvYKGuv0Cz7BPS5Up4jICLxWgCUgMhhl6vYPc4V3aX2sh4qxsT3X1Vx8LqWTYIxaeNjyiOHCxYaKZilpulJCRZ_1PgeJ/s640/%2521+Galley+Vert+2.bmp" width="640" /></a></b></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Recovered oars at the
same site often differ in length. Some
plans and pictures of the multi-decked ships show the outboard oarsmen with the
shorter oar rowing closer to the hull.
More common are the images of two or more banks of oars, regardless of
number of oarsmen per oar, having all blades paddle in the same row of puddles.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>9</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivIPJp4xFSr_fXaquC2Dy57QUxJJ4q7WQtBd6NpqbSfWNNNO6be3DybOcIXoL53z5s6XRiXVJHVbUKUd6XFhW5fPeTsBU9KfdMSpDxdiNSbdX28WH1N8lrA5Z_0SpoA6k3ky0qIcYFJBty/s1600/Aft+Tholles.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivIPJp4xFSr_fXaquC2Dy57QUxJJ4q7WQtBd6NpqbSfWNNNO6be3DybOcIXoL53z5s6XRiXVJHVbUKUd6XFhW5fPeTsBU9KfdMSpDxdiNSbdX28WH1N8lrA5Z_0SpoA6k3ky0qIcYFJBty/s1600/Aft+Tholles.tif" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Most oar ships of the
day normally had a flat deck from bow to stern, but not always. Some ships placed the higher benches and
longer oars towards the stern. In order
for the oars to synchronize, the bow oars (men) were shorter with the taller
and longer, the higher. It also provided a commanding view of the crew for
those on high. That and the guys closest
to the boss are tall by mutual assent.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>When I was a private
(E-2) short in stature I marched in the rear, and as is the effect of short
last, the column marched like an accordion with the short on the run. When I was a Captain commanding an Engineer
Company, the tall came last, and the formation got short. On the galleys of the day, the short came first,
albeit backward.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b> <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gearing Ratio<o:p></o:p></span></em></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The relative length
and gearing ratio (balance) between handle, thole (oarlock) and blade affects
the amount of leverage the oarsman can exert in pulling the boat across the
water. The ratio of oar inside the ship
versus outside, defined by the location of the thole (hole, oarlock) as a
fulcrum. In the Medieval Era, that
ration ranged between 1:3 (one third inside) and 1:4 (one quarter inside). 1:3 favors getting underway faster, while
1:4 favors speed once underway.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZU9dQV-3KHsPymATyvfL3X4AridpKOGlWo21GLDKfr3D0GQw5GJseRTxlqXds7M7qiiRDH-G2F8MO1qiUnMicJMKABP7Ww4BcN4xHdy8plSPHQ9TiB4lF5XVRQfUva7GgDu3eOqrDCnWe/s1600/1274_Gearing+Ratio.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZU9dQV-3KHsPymATyvfL3X4AridpKOGlWo21GLDKfr3D0GQw5GJseRTxlqXds7M7qiiRDH-G2F8MO1qiUnMicJMKABP7Ww4BcN4xHdy8plSPHQ9TiB4lF5XVRQfUva7GgDu3eOqrDCnWe/s1600/1274_Gearing+Ratio.tif" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>9<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<em><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Catch and Release</span></b></em></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>All oars must enter
and leave the water exactly the same time and angle cleanly to retain the
balance of power. Splashing slows the
boat and the race is won on the run, not the drive. In short when the oars are out of the water. Catching occurs when the oar goes into the
water, and the release….<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>10</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTef0BfpqDxkhoBclVXlNdETXFptChoLh2apAEb6Go4JkVOrXNzNYKQpsXpfb0WenbFxGgKYmruqd8ESAJFwP2uAc-Bi9JT_ln26xsXQ0NhLr9cXAh2B1xKgwLqM_KWKqzLbCq6EE-BCVp/s1600/Catch.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTef0BfpqDxkhoBclVXlNdETXFptChoLh2apAEb6Go4JkVOrXNzNYKQpsXpfb0WenbFxGgKYmruqd8ESAJFwP2uAc-Bi9JT_ln26xsXQ0NhLr9cXAh2B1xKgwLqM_KWKqzLbCq6EE-BCVp/s1600/Catch.tif" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The oars today are
feathered on the run in order to evade snagging the blade on the water (ripples
and waves). This reduces how much the
oarsman has to raise the blade/lower the wrists on the run versus lowering the
blade/raising the wrist. This distance
must be changed as the seas get rougher.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>In modern racing
boats, this is all in the wrists. No
kidding. The blade is turned by rotating
the oars forward for the catch and back for the release. The latter uses the rush of water to flip the
oars out of the waters, in lieu of yanking against the water.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>11</b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPLi1iiBlzsAt5p0g_VCdJJYmCOJNywqUBGwiw-5sRA-dmwJhUvOk8odWmK0GVnO9nz6KxnX-9cnzGTL9GMbzpnttvbkQzOfW7fx7s5X5-UTXJXrOm14uWKRZ_MNAhGlGefAaJa4ZX1X17/s1600/Wrists.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPLi1iiBlzsAt5p0g_VCdJJYmCOJNywqUBGwiw-5sRA-dmwJhUvOk8odWmK0GVnO9nz6KxnX-9cnzGTL9GMbzpnttvbkQzOfW7fx7s5X5-UTXJXrOm14uWKRZ_MNAhGlGefAaJa4ZX1X17/s1600/Wrists.tif" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The historical
evidence supporting this use of the wrists to make a clean catch and release is
indicated by this old piece of statuary.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwXNZnSbmHr4pVN3nInQEPZsd2cOv-P-GBfrdvwEmQ5notlW9LxDHlzIEzEVuK00umi5VkpzZmMnzA4oN22FLypHesfJQ_6mDS5jlt2VXA7Hm6zfNfYA63MA9Ds4CM3MB2nfHmqRvOLCv5/s1600/When.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwXNZnSbmHr4pVN3nInQEPZsd2cOv-P-GBfrdvwEmQ5notlW9LxDHlzIEzEVuK00umi5VkpzZmMnzA4oN22FLypHesfJQ_6mDS5jlt2VXA7Hm6zfNfYA63MA9Ds4CM3MB2nfHmqRvOLCv5/s1600/When.tif" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>12<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<em><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Run</span></b></em></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF562wweXR9Warl3nsI_yHxlzv_CpJc7qPYsObH3uUlOIT-wgN7GwjWVCdqnyfteGBIlRC6jgO241yQt-7PJJP5k0k30BxU_FcMQz9eyHRVqcuSQleR8CEVcbpbD0OKR2vZ01U-2vfy0DN/s1600/BladePath_00.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF562wweXR9Warl3nsI_yHxlzv_CpJc7qPYsObH3uUlOIT-wgN7GwjWVCdqnyfteGBIlRC6jgO241yQt-7PJJP5k0k30BxU_FcMQz9eyHRVqcuSQleR8CEVcbpbD0OKR2vZ01U-2vfy0DN/s1600/BladePath_00.tif" width="640" /></a></b></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>13<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Perfect Stroke
(Boston)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmoqjFRpu8A"><b>The Perfect Rowing Stroke - YouTube</b></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>14<o:p></o:p></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlqzH7w9KZ7o0DNm4YrZEtQujM-2HAjow07sFvWTdQs1g_S2k7c18zfmEIV66gj0T8X7Hp1KFYOrBAHCElqh2wtz-pcaakZpY_ZC9KaMnB5R7SmnMI4czcv_bKnubhvxgdDEIVav0YCahb/s1600/Cat+.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlqzH7w9KZ7o0DNm4YrZEtQujM-2HAjow07sFvWTdQs1g_S2k7c18zfmEIV66gj0T8X7Hp1KFYOrBAHCElqh2wtz-pcaakZpY_ZC9KaMnB5R7SmnMI4czcv_bKnubhvxgdDEIVav0YCahb/s1600/Cat+.tif" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>15<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmoqjFRpu8A">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmoqjFRpu8A</a></b><b><u><span style="color: #0563c1; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF562wweXR9Warl3nsI_yHxlzv_CpJc7qPYsObH3uUlOIT-wgN7GwjWVCdqnyfteGBIlRC6jgO241yQt-7PJJP5k0k30BxU_FcMQz9eyHRVqcuSQleR8CEVcbpbD0OKR2vZ01U-2vfy0DN/s1600/BladePath_00.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF562wweXR9Warl3nsI_yHxlzv_CpJc7qPYsObH3uUlOIT-wgN7GwjWVCdqnyfteGBIlRC6jgO241yQt-7PJJP5k0k30BxU_FcMQz9eyHRVqcuSQleR8CEVcbpbD0OKR2vZ01U-2vfy0DN/s1600/BladePath_00.tif" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The race is won on
the run not the drive. A sloppy but
powerful crew will be beaten by a precise albeit weaker crew.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPRjqsZa2OFG3E7RvuLfOa4aA4Q8S6q6VzY7WtIy16RC6IMmlhewjYfGfV82jAWWeesNZkX1XfzMTtAqfx1w_rujFTE480ksNyGujIeBhjFWTm7pgnr187lCpMciHSpB_TmPvXSM0eHPaE/s1600/Catch-Release1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPRjqsZa2OFG3E7RvuLfOa4aA4Q8S6q6VzY7WtIy16RC6IMmlhewjYfGfV82jAWWeesNZkX1XfzMTtAqfx1w_rujFTE480ksNyGujIeBhjFWTm7pgnr187lCpMciHSpB_TmPvXSM0eHPaE/s1600/Catch-Release1.bmp" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>16<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> The essential difference between modern crew
rowing and of the good old days is that today the oarsmen (oarswomen) is the modern
sliding seat which allows full extension of the legs. Since the upper body has about a third as
much power as the whole body, the big mystery in scholarly studies of rowing
has been to ignore that the legs were used in rowing in order to go faster than
the other guys. Be they close ahead or astern.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b>S<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">tand and Row<o:p></o:p></span></strong></b></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKmzKYEW_qeBFwYLFGe8EuQe7eanuDEiz7v4yS27m6aW3fbglTpPqSrPtjAMoJTjaXnfBYXyjyXpWU4RPCJF_QFWTQaNz35U3rP0dRshcEez8VeIBnyeIDRObKP6Ui2OQ7lkA88tlp-Xuk/s1600/Age+of+the+Galley_41a_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKmzKYEW_qeBFwYLFGe8EuQe7eanuDEiz7v4yS27m6aW3fbglTpPqSrPtjAMoJTjaXnfBYXyjyXpWU4RPCJF_QFWTQaNz35U3rP0dRshcEez8VeIBnyeIDRObKP6Ui2OQ7lkA88tlp-Xuk/s1600/Age+of+the+Galley_41a_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>17<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i>The short answer is that back then they stood and rowed, stepping
forward to plant a foot or two against a load bearing member of the ship.</i> Those include other benches or steps for the
purpose. The only time these oarsmen rowed sitting down was in port. This particular
example is of a chained oarsman. At best
this shows that standing and rowing was not sitting down.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Later rowing systems
based on Italian designs including rowing arrangement of more than one oar to a
station, and/or more than one oarsman to an oar. Crusade Era ships were one and one. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zcV2sV5LBKRDJn5vnKTN1_8iBfbIu6nex43mb1zd1IDnlMuDo0d7a39VFxa5OqQNTWrzi-0G2k3eKMiPtVVMLFUhPGLYbY4QPiadQDuFzPWwCu-gRd9NRK-S1bHMCeRrhFnVxvUWr-I2/s1600/ErgoWar1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zcV2sV5LBKRDJn5vnKTN1_8iBfbIu6nex43mb1zd1IDnlMuDo0d7a39VFxa5OqQNTWrzi-0G2k3eKMiPtVVMLFUhPGLYbY4QPiadQDuFzPWwCu-gRd9NRK-S1bHMCeRrhFnVxvUWr-I2/s1600/ErgoWar1.bmp" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>18<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>These diagrams show
illustrate the difference in height relative to rowing stand up or sitting. It
is about 3 feet from the deck to the elbows and if sitting.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The basic issue of
whether to stand or sit relates to the skeleton and muscular makeup of the
body. The sliding seat likely did not
exist, and the amount of stroke an oarsperson sitting down is less than one
standing up and moving. Key to this is the difference between seats whether
bench or thwart (longitudinally) <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>19</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnOna3wSwVLZ-YXut91x3WRfXfHq9BHISxrmcZ6ihyBq-TvgsI5HRc3MLYVinZDrTLAJqJFgCAHZ-eqs9rm-qj01KYxzASVf5nJl12uKDxtOJCp7-WS0_d0lQ3MlsYQjwN5e-N2mN1OvVO/s1600/deck-thrwart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnOna3wSwVLZ-YXut91x3WRfXfHq9BHISxrmcZ6ihyBq-TvgsI5HRc3MLYVinZDrTLAJqJFgCAHZ-eqs9rm-qj01KYxzASVf5nJl12uKDxtOJCp7-WS0_d0lQ3MlsYQjwN5e-N2mN1OvVO/s1600/deck-thrwart.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> The best ballpark figures I have, show that
the distance between thwarts, tholes (oar locks) and oars on Viking ship are
about 32 inches (.8 meters) and those on the Galleys were 47 inches (1.2
meters). The oars and tholes in Viking ships were exactly half way between
thwarts, with the shield even with the thwart. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVXoKXZKgLe3t73U1dFD8DQ-Xs0h7FENJMxiSoB1GvRaAebtnt8RNUcihUFWidliaoLBE6q3l1bKoLTzg_V3795J59f3s3c9Q_BVvVSzGp08CXKlVkdluNhBM3jpYIiXjo_VwH7x_Vs3TG/s1600/Stand+&+Row.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVXoKXZKgLe3t73U1dFD8DQ-Xs0h7FENJMxiSoB1GvRaAebtnt8RNUcihUFWidliaoLBE6q3l1bKoLTzg_V3795J59f3s3c9Q_BVvVSzGp08CXKlVkdluNhBM3jpYIiXjo_VwH7x_Vs3TG/s1600/Stand+&+Row.tif" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQIOOAv0KoRY0GkLrs4I1tg6tAmrNzMgCk8Ym3wonXc2xBc4ePXcDqkgJ4S4ITiE3hXV1-YI8VLLExIllz8pLbsOq6MeiMtRJhyphenhyphenUAzdNhWN7LsuKkDDZi28OEXj54yYZc214PtB6pb1sIZ/s1600/Einar+Drive+00JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQIOOAv0KoRY0GkLrs4I1tg6tAmrNzMgCk8Ym3wonXc2xBc4ePXcDqkgJ4S4ITiE3hXV1-YI8VLLExIllz8pLbsOq6MeiMtRJhyphenhyphenUAzdNhWN7LsuKkDDZi28OEXj54yYZc214PtB6pb1sIZ/s1600/Einar+Drive+00JJ.jpg" width="622" /></a></b></div>
<br />
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<b>20<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFIy7Oj7g5Mel4n5hqC5nykabWDJSZwG5UOhgZlNT4lRydcNysYaUhTqcp4nmcoJbkHxFyxUJzn-BLsznTM-DJPk7BU2f339ByH__oPcg-upHZVbYVqmOIMRcSnTEK0aBTtJWHIZ7RBJkE/s1600/Einar+Run+00JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFIy7Oj7g5Mel4n5hqC5nykabWDJSZwG5UOhgZlNT4lRydcNysYaUhTqcp4nmcoJbkHxFyxUJzn-BLsznTM-DJPk7BU2f339ByH__oPcg-upHZVbYVqmOIMRcSnTEK0aBTtJWHIZ7RBJkE/s1600/Einar+Run+00JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">21<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGLmI3SQbZ4wMdZ_siyurihENKnluRAen843ucoDqpxCc7rocIkn94P7OGUeTf1wfEe8RknBvGrfvVyzPPRcyf_7V3FmpfTLkp3Kp2vG5WCj9vT4RLyUfg3YaKmdG5ffDJO8yCaRnsS_sH/s1600/STAND+&+ROW_jj.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGLmI3SQbZ4wMdZ_siyurihENKnluRAen843ucoDqpxCc7rocIkn94P7OGUeTf1wfEe8RknBvGrfvVyzPPRcyf_7V3FmpfTLkp3Kp2vG5WCj9vT4RLyUfg3YaKmdG5ffDJO8yCaRnsS_sH/s1600/STAND+&+ROW_jj.jpg" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">22<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Load Bearing Members Carry
the Load of the Members</span></strong><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>There is stress
wherever the boat, the oar, the water and the oarsman meet and the net result
of this stress is a boat in a hurry. These
occur in a sequence from where the foot and the boat, butt and bench, oar and
thole, blade and water. Anything but the
strongest materials will cause the boat to stop running.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Leather padding or
gaskets reduced the friction of oar on thole.
Some galleys do not have a round thole but a peg or more between which
takes up the friction which allowed more than one oar to a thole. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>A standing oarsman on
a Viking type ship such as the Knarr could get his weight and body strength stepping
on the thwart forward or the smaller one under that thwart. A galley oarsman normally had a step in front
of his bench which was also a load bearing member of the ship. This is what is shown in the Russian sample.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>23</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK6ntwE7hZl2EGZhBcHng2-FjbrLh2Z1sLsgfKiwYribXNylHp2i261wUVOCmhWZePtQWRI3NT0XLCR6IR-AN_jyvdI9D3BaF6U_5EwXARsq_4dhHVmYfnG8Yj8h_PXehI4gCUu2QrBOOF/s1600/Reach_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK6ntwE7hZl2EGZhBcHng2-FjbrLh2Z1sLsgfKiwYribXNylHp2i261wUVOCmhWZePtQWRI3NT0XLCR6IR-AN_jyvdI9D3BaF6U_5EwXARsq_4dhHVmYfnG8Yj8h_PXehI4gCUu2QrBOOF/s1600/Reach_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Precision, Decision, and
Synchronization.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The subject of oaring
boats is huge, with larger variations of equipment and technique. This treatise shows only show a few
combinations. The drawing in Russian
drawing above is one of a ship rowed by slaves (note chain). The bulk or and primary choice of crews,
however, were professional crews of volunteers often chartered by the maritime
powers of the world. These ships and oarsmen were often rented out for cash,
alliance or privateering. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Templar light galley- 40 oars, monoreme, crew of 45. Armed with Tension Trebuchet and Greek Fire Projector</td></tr>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-80712021129239010172014-07-08T18:16:00.000-05:002014-07-17T17:48:43.382-05:00The Cistercian Connection<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Gordon S Fowkes, KCTJ, LTC
USA RET<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTX5wRuBSizzofljnTWFwJcTV9uadtTQ-QZC7XFDhjggN0tZUrrwqQaBvsu_j7DhY7G07fiViQlVqaccaADj8twEqOJOqo9pIvsc0gHLHfOVw9b81ON93PEmvUaYFUkZ4fa2mWg0k7do07/s1600/Cistercian_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTX5wRuBSizzofljnTWFwJcTV9uadtTQ-QZC7XFDhjggN0tZUrrwqQaBvsu_j7DhY7G07fiViQlVqaccaADj8twEqOJOqo9pIvsc0gHLHfOVw9b81ON93PEmvUaYFUkZ4fa2mWg0k7do07/s1600/Cistercian_01.jpg" height="434" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cistercian order was unusual in that it got its hands dirty and acted as a agent of change</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The very existence of the
First and subsequent Crusades were made possible to a series of revolutions in
economic and political life that transformed Northern Europe from backwater and
boondock status to a dominance it is retained to this day. Technology (Tools) drove the process, and it
was the entrepreneurial spirt of inventive farmers, craftsmen, and what we call
today business. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The first markets for these
inventive farmers were often held in front of the local church, as that was the
single most accessible location. The monastery as an economic enterprise
provided central direction upon reflection and quickly adopted the technologies
to enhance the productivity of the monastery.
The Cistercian Order under Saint Bernard is found in the middle of the
process. What is now called the 12<sup>th</sup>
Century Renaissance is also called the first “world” economy) that went from
China to Indonesia to India to the Levant, Europe, and Iceland. Silk at one
end, wool at the other. And back again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The soil of northern Europe was too dense and
damp to be plowed efficiently with the scratch plows of the day to produce much
past subsistence. Even during Roman
times the northern woods were at best a buffer or border even in areas under
firm Roman control, economic activity was marginal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In order to cut the heavy soil, the heavy plow
was invented which included a cutter (c), plowshare, and wheels and was
initially drawn by oxen. The need for speed and horse power as horses pulled
two hours longer and faster, lead to the invention of the horse collar which
solved the problem of the oxen yoke which choked the horse. The hooves of horses did not fare well in the
damp earth, unlike oxen, which lead to the use of horse shoes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Oxen could survive largely
on hay, but horses needed vegetable protein such as from grain and legumes
(beans). The additional protein in
farmers diets lead to increased energy in the people in the area. Yes, bean
power. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since legumes contain
symbiotic bacteria called </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rhizobia</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">were found to restore
nitrogen to farmland, crop rotations changed from fallow and wheat to fallow,
wheat, and legumes, a change to three crop rotation which also extended the
productive use of the land. Farming is
always a gamble, and often a dead end career for those stuck on the farm,
particularly when the crops fail. The
woods were often the only place a person could survive, often as bandits. The woods were also where pigs were allowed
to forage for nuts, tubers, and fruits that had been shaken loose by the farmer
or game keeper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> This resulted in a sea change in the land use
that allowed the subsistence farmer to go the market originally at the local
church to buy and sell. The creation of
markets at the churches gave way to more defined market places that specialized
in certain products <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The world of agriculture
produced product that was either mobile (sheep, cattle, horses) that required
processing (hides, textiles) and resale elsewhere. Some rooted to the ground that had to be
taken to a market for further processing (wines, mines) and some that had several
stages of production. Sheep were a good
investment, for their wool, especially fine in the colder northern
climates. Sheep’s wool was sheared by
the shepherd, which wool was sold in the Fairs and markets of Champaign, later
Belgian for processing and weaving, which was bought by Italians from Northern
Italy for further refinement, and from there for international trade<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The increase in the need
for specialized labor and services like blacksmith (Smith) created an entirely
system of family names based on trade, craft, or job such as: Spinner, Weaver,
Fuller, tailors (Taylor), skinners (Skinner), Farmers, Banker, Driver, Gates,
Monk, Priest, Tucker, Walker, and the
like. The impact of this association of
economic function with family name lasts to the present day is an indicator of
the dramatic and dynamic change in society, economics, war and politics north
of the Alps. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Commerce requires an
exchange of goods, services, and/or money.
And the Northern Italians brought their financial, industrial, and transportation
skills honed in the Mediterranean to plug into the Campaign, Belgian and
English trade centers. And with the
Italian financiers came a necessary connection between the Papacy, and the Holy
Roman Empire where St Bernard was a superb diplomat and player in the politics
of the Catholic world. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> This was enhanced by the law in many lands
that if a peasant, serf or bound servant were able to stay away from the local
area for a year, that person was a free person (Freeman) who could work at the
growing towns. The more successful in
business and trades created a new social class that lived and worked in a town,
called the burger (burg is Germanic for town) hence “bourgeoisie”. They, then as now, organized into Guilds and
associations for the purpose of quality control. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Likewise the tradesmen,
artisans, and workers did organize. The first labor laws protecting selected
trades were enacted in Ghent in the 11<sup>th</sup> Century (give or
take). While Burger and the Trades often
were at serious odds to each other, when it came time to protect the town, they
raised city militias and trained professional quality troops. All this at the same time as the
Crusades. Machiavelli’s “On War (De Re
Militari)” argued that the best military for a Republic was a well-trained
militia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Politically, there is
always a group of “elders” or “good old boys” who serve as either formal or
informal form of governance which before 1800 were called, a Commune. Normally property owners, burgers, and
representatives of the guilds and associations, shared power with the titular
feudal authority except when they went their own way. The communes controlled the means of
production in their towns and with association with other towns. The wool producing towns in France, Belgium
and Germany were either dominated by the communes or independent as “communal
republics”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes, Marx stole the name of
a form of governance run by business interests leaving scholars no noun to
describe a business oriented polity.
The concept of “capitalism” likewise make it impossible to mix business
and politics except behind the door. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9</span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii0eHIxfQE4Z-8XWK3clU1WZi7Pl99wir8pEzPKw0zH7BrwDshthWp-XQefEjL4C1dHknDjLuQJTwHZVchINrpBzD5DBrw2ODscNVarfohVgagzrDEkD6aBsZGMptdinMNlh8BdU26ENCP/s1600/Cistercian_08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii0eHIxfQE4Z-8XWK3clU1WZi7Pl99wir8pEzPKw0zH7BrwDshthWp-XQefEjL4C1dHknDjLuQJTwHZVchINrpBzD5DBrw2ODscNVarfohVgagzrDEkD6aBsZGMptdinMNlh8BdU26ENCP/s1600/Cistercian_08.jpg" height="300" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Many Italian city states
used the communal republic as a form of governance. As such, Florence, Genoa
and Venice were republic in form.
Universal suffrage was a 20<sup>th</sup> Century development. Romeo and Juliet is about a family feud
within the Republic of Venice. These
Italian cities provided the banking, trading and maritime skills for the wool
producing regions which regions later shifted to Belgium and England. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> We know that St Bernard of Clairvaux whose
monastery was near the wool market at Bar-sur-Aube orchestrated the recognition
of the Knights Templar at the Council of Troyes in 1129, a decade after their
founding in Jerusalem. Troyes was one of
the cities that held the annual Champagne trade fairs which brought to the
fore, the domination of the early wool trade.
Trade in textiles before the US Civil War had the same influence as does
oil does today. King Cotton did not save
the CSA. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">St Bernard was a cut above
your average run of the mill king maker, he was the Pope maker (three or four)
behind the door as well as up front in the pulpit. King makers came to him. As the Papacy’s premier and extraordinary
representative, he was a Guelph (Papacy) versus Ghibelline (Holy Roman Emperor)
in their struggle to control the wealthy north Italian cities</span><i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. </span></i><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">These cities had organized into alliances such as the Lombard
League in league with the Frangipani (three popes and thirty four cardinals)
and Orsini families. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG4MIg2uNqXTwjDPTPNLf2V9N6HWgFWQ7Pne6BhWtDCTrozo2Qch7rsf1XtgbPGCYO2tmVWFv2PhgXHIL20kCeHkq2lsEBDSG3OjHODielH74DnLn1V76yTENB9_QEiMIG-_Dxh9Sg1v0y/s1600/Cistercian_09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG4MIg2uNqXTwjDPTPNLf2V9N6HWgFWQ7Pne6BhWtDCTrozo2Qch7rsf1XtgbPGCYO2tmVWFv2PhgXHIL20kCeHkq2lsEBDSG3OjHODielH74DnLn1V76yTENB9_QEiMIG-_Dxh9Sg1v0y/s1600/Cistercian_09.jpg" height="412" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">This further allied the
powers that were in France and the Low Countries in also in opposition to the
Holy Roman Empire. Key amongst the
French supporters of the Papacy included Counts of Anjou (Fulk or Foulques)
family who were avid supporters of the Cistercians, St Bernard and the Knights
Templar. Fulk III had built abbeys and monasteries in the Loire valley (heart
of France). Fulk IV became King of
Jerusalem, and his son, Geoffrey Plantagenet was the first of the line of the
Plantagenet Royal family of England (as in Richard the Lion Hearted) and of the
Angevin Empire. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Go figure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">NNDNN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-15818627410390498642014-06-15T17:22:00.000-05:002015-09-14T19:22:18.036-05:00Mind-Body and Battle<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<b>MIND-BODY & BATTLE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>GSF<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>In animals as well as
man, there is a default choice of courses of action and reaction. But it is a
bit more complicated than Fight-Flight-Freeze.
Initially a REVULSION REFLEX inhibits what might be an all-out murderous
mutual massacre. This serves two
purposes: maneuver for advantage and the appearance of overwhelming force
(INTIMIDATION). Once one side turns
away, the Revulsion Reflex is erased and replaced by the RUN-DOWN REFLEX in
which the loser is run down killed, captured, eaten or sold on the slave
market. The end status is submission,
even though such results in certain death.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>INTIMIDATION<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>The initial stages of
a confrontation include the posturing, growling, snarling and puffing up hair,
all of which are signs of aggression. In humans as well. The controlling factor in intimidation is
eyeball to eyeball, or the appearance of it.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>1</b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmVsTTBG_-JxJoxtUUmODBJtp0XxdqzvuAH_Zly61_IL4p9QGMQjgdLkItioBDUqnQUP2mO9507rBiVGBILh2gbqgskOV60ah4-V4V4ThNEE4JqQl7a5nrY7PtsvlSq3nCcTzdtDVd403P/s1600/Submit_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmVsTTBG_-JxJoxtUUmODBJtp0XxdqzvuAH_Zly61_IL4p9QGMQjgdLkItioBDUqnQUP2mO9507rBiVGBILh2gbqgskOV60ah4-V4V4ThNEE4JqQl7a5nrY7PtsvlSq3nCcTzdtDVd403P/s1600/Submit_01.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<br /></div>
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<b> Most animals in nature carry body markings to
camouflage the female against discovery during nesting, resting, or child raising. On the other hand, body markings that make
the males competitor appear more ferocious. Some is carried over in human
threat displays, Tall hats and capes make the contestant appear larger than
life, body markings exaggerate combative appearance. The male lion has a big mane while the female
does not, the mane is the main sex display while other body differences between
male and female are not as apparent. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgitn2UvXl25QqEWFR9Celk-hP1gmC4lUPqptGTzHXTSF2INYh55DxExnIX-FiiglRU0bNkq_zWbGHQWXj9VMp5llPA4hycciyRy0TvaMbJkFtnPzyGz1lV8via8bxrAzLjMvkflKBNfC6m/s1600/Submit_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgitn2UvXl25QqEWFR9Celk-hP1gmC4lUPqptGTzHXTSF2INYh55DxExnIX-FiiglRU0bNkq_zWbGHQWXj9VMp5llPA4hycciyRy0TvaMbJkFtnPzyGz1lV8via8bxrAzLjMvkflKBNfC6m/s1600/Submit_02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The combat response
of the “Freeze” is based on the fact that a moving target attracts the eye,
standing still under the right circumstances clouds the predator’s mind (as in
Hide). This is a standard response at
night when the enemy lights up the night with searchlights and/or flares. Hiding in the umbra of taller objects also
works <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The Peacocks feathers
all full of eyes, or the accentuated eyes of Owl or Orca are there to
intimidate in this psychological preparation of the battle. Few animals can face down a pair of human
eyes, so I avoid eye contact in sparring and take in the whole person for
balance, stance, guard, vulnerable spots and movement.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6TXpxKZ270oXhGbXMCqi7gUbBE6jOhBEW0iRa342UyyXjVNBAcy1npTSQcDL7EQLKmwvSbrzCEDX5dwRQy3eXyq6_cWGhsTUWJC5Kr3X869e7AXg4Md-OFqy0lDAzlZiG-FRBbPtEIFtI/s1600/Submit_03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6TXpxKZ270oXhGbXMCqi7gUbBE6jOhBEW0iRa342UyyXjVNBAcy1npTSQcDL7EQLKmwvSbrzCEDX5dwRQy3eXyq6_cWGhsTUWJC5Kr3X869e7AXg4Md-OFqy0lDAzlZiG-FRBbPtEIFtI/s1600/Submit_03.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>3</b></div>
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<b>THE BODY AT RISK<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Like the tank or
aircraft, the human body has vulnerabilities which must be protected. These include the BRAIN, EYES and
VITALS. That which connects and protects
these (MEANS) includes the skeleton, skull, and body operating systems the
defense of which life depends: Nervous, Gastro-Intestinal, Respiratory and
Vascular. The nervous system includes several subsystems of interest to the
warrior.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>4</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU2IsjCS1NtvAQomWk7YdZyz6xJekkL6MwJN_WRZUCjbQi_9ryCTnSxUyDCnnRy-jnLenCd5zEZnLPpaGRPzS0WpP1Bt8Ym-1tOt_HnAI0007O15o0oNjVSs9xPTO256fzmPavOxKe9d97/s1600/Submit_04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU2IsjCS1NtvAQomWk7YdZyz6xJekkL6MwJN_WRZUCjbQi_9ryCTnSxUyDCnnRy-jnLenCd5zEZnLPpaGRPzS0WpP1Bt8Ym-1tOt_HnAI0007O15o0oNjVSs9xPTO256fzmPavOxKe9d97/s1600/Submit_04.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<b>The most common human
fighting technique is battery by hand and foot, mostly by hand. There are only two targets worthy of battery,
and that is to affect the Brain and the Lungs.
The skull protecting the brain is a hard target so it must be struck
with something soft in order to induce concussion. Conversely, the lungs must
be hit with something hard in the guts so as to push the diaphragm upward
constricting the lungs. Plain battery
elsewhere is defeated by muscle, bone, and fat.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJlmPoC9dwTYYXR0ReiGtLzGaFwax_ccAUmBh53i__FwfnDF37UztmKCqwYxTNu7CLlliX5nrGIkGEZHDyMhZkN9sD0FliSzBw-TRfVUDms27d8AuldSel_iM6IAGks-jfZlziPAqRD7_J/s1600/Submit_05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJlmPoC9dwTYYXR0ReiGtLzGaFwax_ccAUmBh53i__FwfnDF37UztmKCqwYxTNu7CLlliX5nrGIkGEZHDyMhZkN9sD0FliSzBw-TRfVUDms27d8AuldSel_iM6IAGks-jfZlziPAqRD7_J/s1600/Submit_05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b> 5</b></div>
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<b>The skeletal system puts bone to protect the
soft parts, and provides a mobile firing platform and weapons system. The “soft parts” inside the body are
protected by the muscles and bone, and are the subsets of the Body regarding
Tactical Imperatives. One versus the
other’s. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>THE ENGINE
(Cardio-Vascular-Lungs). <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Similar to a tank,
aircraft, and car engine, the animate require oxygen and fuel to transfer
energy to, lubricate, and operate the various components of the body. In vertebrates this requires lungs to take in
air and transfer the oxygen to the blood, which blood picks up nutrients and
agents from the various glands and organs.
Together, this constitutes the vitals. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The process of
breathing without which life gets short, involves the transfer of oxygen from
the lungs into the heart which pumps the oxygen and nutrients throughout the
body. While the rib cage provides
considerable protection of damage by blunt instrument, compression of the guts
often knocks the breath out of the breather.
Behind and below the guts (intestines), certain vital organs that filter
and deliver the chemicals into or out of the blood and digestive systems. These
are located in an ellipse with the long axis across the belly from kidney to
kidney. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>BELLY SUPERCHARGER<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>5a<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpXWW5vzIqCj_cssb-iAdypFPqR39BxJZemGnYiqKvGSvfsUEcC-PhxnaLPaBL7ECye8c-aNSWr6lloFAk_hh33SfNK-Qgr3UbuLKJrS5AHL3FEvfWpjVrD0bUIavzNYii_WjvwF4KtoP_/s1600/Submit_05+Breath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpXWW5vzIqCj_cssb-iAdypFPqR39BxJZemGnYiqKvGSvfsUEcC-PhxnaLPaBL7ECye8c-aNSWr6lloFAk_hh33SfNK-Qgr3UbuLKJrS5AHL3FEvfWpjVrD0bUIavzNYii_WjvwF4KtoP_/s1600/Submit_05+Breath.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>Deep Diaphragm
(Belly) Breathing brings in more air in to get more energy out, and relaxes the
body (and mind). Chest breathing is
rapid and shallow, and tightens up the body (and mind). Deep “belly” breathing is the counter to
stress. One must calm down to fight.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>THE CENTER LINE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>6<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>This provides two
references, the Center Line from nose to groin which is both the center of
vulnerabilities, but also the Center Line of the body’s defensive and offensive
firepower. Consequently, a direct
face-off between humans place the greatest firepower mutually opposed to the
opponents vulnerabilities. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidKqTr9pj99US3o98hkzHdKxuwJJyrcgGMN0SHkjZ1KfA2Tql3BzzRg-q8xw5z5qP0hv5CJ9lqLTtp0xLn6BWUP45PVOX-tggwd12I-Q2EytwPCEp-8kHVPGPrPILQQdbphM14fiU4OiQV/s1600/Submit_06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidKqTr9pj99US3o98hkzHdKxuwJJyrcgGMN0SHkjZ1KfA2Tql3BzzRg-q8xw5z5qP0hv5CJ9lqLTtp0xLn6BWUP45PVOX-tggwd12I-Q2EytwPCEp-8kHVPGPrPILQQdbphM14fiU4OiQV/s1600/Submit_06.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>CENTERS OF BALANCE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>7<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>The terms COG, Center
of Gravity ad Center of Mass are often used interchangeably rendering both moot
in battle. It is certain (IMHO) that all
nature knows its balance, centers and all.
In this rendition, the center of
mass of any creature only moves when the cargo shifts, and the “bone centers”
are fixed by the joints which include the shoulders and knees. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfYtkYIN_oLOPzELqMzLgE2OW_lfw9dfUHGGs8LtJBYnoq3QmIMIgFGPQEUGtr4e8Tq5u0XTagre8zQ-H1STpM7thaJdPTBY8RBNspUhFsnG3ACwD6RSPTUND23OhC-Vor2SAJpr1QN1au/s1600/Submit_07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfYtkYIN_oLOPzELqMzLgE2OW_lfw9dfUHGGs8LtJBYnoq3QmIMIgFGPQEUGtr4e8Tq5u0XTagre8zQ-H1STpM7thaJdPTBY8RBNspUhFsnG3ACwD6RSPTUND23OhC-Vor2SAJpr1QN1au/s1600/Submit_07.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The Center of Gravity
is the net result of all the forces influencing the body including the force
exerted in standing and running, and includes the forces of any external object
that yanks, pulls, or trips the body.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>BLOODY HELL<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>While one bleeds just
anywhere, getting to the heart of it is more precise.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>8</b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga7RNC_P0TJFjVlp1GLz_SE7Ev_HcTFIGyXYlNZbbzlfpIXvB7zU3Ae2ZD-OTf1FZo_b0URYG-2NjqCoQz6NjOW05xI567aLWQskayPSWKpRTG1eSRehCVr6awDmvkuuL1z73HsFQYXYyg/s1600/Submit_08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga7RNC_P0TJFjVlp1GLz_SE7Ev_HcTFIGyXYlNZbbzlfpIXvB7zU3Ae2ZD-OTf1FZo_b0URYG-2NjqCoQz6NjOW05xI567aLWQskayPSWKpRTG1eSRehCVr6awDmvkuuL1z73HsFQYXYyg/s1600/Submit_08.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The command and
control of the animate body goes through several nets and systems.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>THE NET CENTRIC BODY<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Central Nervous
System ties the parts together via several subsystems, some you know, and
others operate behind the coded door. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Chinese Traditional
Medicine was unknown to the West and likely the Middle East, but so were the
ones we know about today. Recent work in
the martial arts community is making progress In associating the elements of Chinese
Traditional Medicine (TCM) with what we know of the body today. The pressure points of TCM normally are found
where a nerve comes to an end, crosses another or divides. Additional work is being done in affiliating
TCM with the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) according to the Dragon Society
(Grand Master Rick Moneymaker, under whom I have studied).<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKrryoGCw54&list=TL7XZ8kCvxkYAxNDA5MjAxNQ" target="_blank">George Dillman Pressure Point Seminar</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>We usually associate the nervous system with motor and sensory nerves,
but well below the conscious level the ANS works in response to the threat as
perceived by t</b><b>he Biology of perception which follows two paths into the brain to the
switchboard of the Amygdala, Smell and<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Audio‐Visual, which produces chemical changes to
make things happen or not. Smell is the
oldest of senses and is routed through the Thalamus to activate the Limbic
System while Audio‐Visual is routed through the Hypothalamus which goes to the
Cortex. Smell (Stink) produces action without reflection.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilWSbL8Ea7M-0ZFC6FrAdOTN-yLjvG1N7zCTs4VsaLTQCLobXjaD9KKkFRak2j8CRoqwB2Unirr0NCYxmT3ix849IVr1wjBu-cMkK3U-x3iE1ZEBfaiTDyYYGpQmZu71KgqhU6nz8MV9dw/s1600/Submit_09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilWSbL8Ea7M-0ZFC6FrAdOTN-yLjvG1N7zCTs4VsaLTQCLobXjaD9KKkFRak2j8CRoqwB2Unirr0NCYxmT3ix849IVr1wjBu-cMkK3U-x3iE1ZEBfaiTDyYYGpQmZu71KgqhU6nz8MV9dw/s1600/Submit_09.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>9The Parasympathetic
system appears to be operating in diametric opposition to each other. The Sympathetic system cranks up under
perceived threat, and the Parasympathetic backs off. The Sympathetic reaction,
however, is counter-productive to efficient fighting, in particular the heart
rate. Pupil dilation is accompanied by a
narrow field of view which does not see or sense attacks coming from the sides.
The Oriental system of belly breathing, deep and slow, also slows down the
heart rate, increases the field of view, and relaxes the body. A tense body not only hurts more when hit,
the range and speed of the limbs are retarded.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>RELAXATION RESPONSE (Calm
down to fight)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>This leads to an
apparent, but necessary paradigm shift: One must calm down in order to fight
efficiently and effectively. The foaming
at the mouth, wild eyed, emotional fighter won’t fight long in the face of deadly
calm. Shouting is targeted and timed to
freeze the target at the right time and way.
This calming down effect has many names in the East, but is also found
in Western athletics and performance arts.
It is sometimes called the Relaxation Response. When relaxed, the athlete or artist’s mind
becomes detached from the fury of the moment, but operates in a more strategic
fashion. A chattering mind invites
battery to the body. </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>In Close Order Combat
at Close Quarters (spear or pike range), one reads of forces who advance with
shouts in unison, like “God Wills It” or singing a battle song are also ridding
the body of tension, creating a bond within the ranks, and elevates the mind
from dwelling too much on what could go wrong.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>THE REVULSION REFLEX<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Substantial and
credible research has established that the default behavior of humans when
faced with the choice of killing don’t kill, don’t shoot, miss deliberately,
never forget, and vomit once done. It is
clear that the initial behavior during the initial face to face confrontation
is to threaten, posture and maneuver for advantage. Recent
studies of the casualty rates of battles back to antiquity also show abysmally
small numbers of casualties or both sides<u>, provided the other side didn’t
run</u>. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8pfxBKZxdnEFwQTHCJaKYED2tWO3Lx8AjLiRTDSd_e5U3Hb6ROsmUV5tfIcS0cfgUhlTyc0AA5gCfay_jNpowy1AgLvW4ED-rIXkzrR7lJ6SLBJyUEN4KSa3KykkL7I9ay7a1oUDsRmsT/s1600/Submit_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8pfxBKZxdnEFwQTHCJaKYED2tWO3Lx8AjLiRTDSd_e5U3Hb6ROsmUV5tfIcS0cfgUhlTyc0AA5gCfay_jNpowy1AgLvW4ED-rIXkzrR7lJ6SLBJyUEN4KSa3KykkL7I9ay7a1oUDsRmsT/s1600/Submit_10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>10<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Since killing is an
integral part of life on the planet, there is a question as to why do humans
react against killing even when being killed is a clear and present
danger. This reaction is also common to
the animal kingdom, few animals launch into an attack without some intimidating
(or sneaky) maneuvers. If the object of
their intimidation does not back off, the confrontation can end as both sides
back off This is nature’s way of
limiting aggression to issues of dominance (Social Status) or dinner. The
lions, gazelles, buffalo, and other wild creatures who are subject of being
eaten or beaten only do so when needed.
Otherwise, they share the same space.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT9dmR13IAsAnDUTyr6D1PTvAxe-5xCMGrQLE5R5x4qjNeGq2tnx3ThShtfMygeH1rc3BD2f6EyoIZKW4ae8YkVMg5XQBoN0r4v9fGz0iNW8BT0GlwGG315tztwa3EQSuVo6duA2sN4Onf/s1600/Submit_11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT9dmR13IAsAnDUTyr6D1PTvAxe-5xCMGrQLE5R5x4qjNeGq2tnx3ThShtfMygeH1rc3BD2f6EyoIZKW4ae8YkVMg5XQBoN0r4v9fGz0iNW8BT0GlwGG315tztwa3EQSuVo6duA2sN4Onf/s1600/Submit_11.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>11</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Humans don’t settle
for that. Usually. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>During WW 2, only 15
to 20% of infantrymen fired their weapons.
The change from paper targets at known ranges to popup silhouette
targets at random distances raised the odds in Vietnam to 90-95%. Realistic
training, that is the replication of all the sensory inputs normally associated
with a given task. That is why we
invented the infiltration course after Korea, to get accustomed to overhead
machinegun fire, tracers and all, in a controlled situation. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigPBdwGtz7UQCTxXrTzevFOBJEEeTl9rqI1t5gWRN8Uj0UgC_VUdX2EX4GG-0pPS35rVnLKQSSqF4ncYUWwWp91DoTuwFDmAbgBoU4TyBuHoY3y9t0jIgiIZMl-XDIjm-KNIFngKzIQ4o4/s1600/Submit_12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigPBdwGtz7UQCTxXrTzevFOBJEEeTl9rqI1t5gWRN8Uj0UgC_VUdX2EX4GG-0pPS35rVnLKQSSqF4ncYUWwWp91DoTuwFDmAbgBoU4TyBuHoY3y9t0jIgiIZMl-XDIjm-KNIFngKzIQ4o4/s1600/Submit_12.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>12<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The routing of
sensory inputs by way of the Amygdala, Thalamus and Hypothalamus that is not overloaded
with emotions, allows a calmer more trained mind to sort these stimuli and
select an appropriate response. The
Trained Mind is where the coded reflexes activating muscle memory and learned
responses that can fight on automatic, leaving the relaxed mind to make
strategic observations and directions.
This occurs in athletes, dancers, fighter pilots and Friday Rush Hour to
function without burning up energy in conscious decision making as that mind is
too slow. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>http://templarmilitaris.blogspot.com/2014/03/crusade-era-combat-murphys-laws.html<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN">RELAXATION RESPONSE VS REVULSION REFLEX<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN">From a broader point of view, control of the
Revulsion Reflex which is primarily driven by the Sympathetic Nervous System
(SNS), is to counter with activating the Parasympathetic System in addition to
reducing the fear factor of external stimuli, like incoming rounds. Taking learned responses to cope with the
actual physical threats includes digging in, shooting back, wearing protective
gear at all times. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN">The Knights Templar slept in their combat gear,
something that I learned my first week in combat. And they did so without
regard to any specific threat assessment.
Unit morale due to the unit replacement system in US forces today has
elevated the sense of camaraderie between buddies to a level far above any
achieved before or so wide. Likewise the
bonding of the Knights Templar and the other holy orders coupled with a shared
set of values, rituals, and combat training worked to override any errant
stimuli so they could fight effectively and efficiently. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN">TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Temple and the
Hospital only recruited those who were already MOS qualified (knights, men at
arms, sergeants) and bonded together by faith, ritual and hard collective
training. For a unit to function as a
unit in combat, they must have trained tougher under simulated combat
conditions, and some that aren’t battle.
This includes hunger, exhaustion, confusion, extreme heat and/or cold,
rain, snow, and/or dust, all of which are available at Ft Hood Texas often at
the same time. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>There is little known
about the training schedule, program of instruction, of Mission Essential Task
List used to train the Order. The fact
that the holy orders and other well trained outfits could assemble on day, or
show up in the middle of battle and be able to be deployed effectively means
that there had to be a shared and clearly understood way to fight for each of
the components and for the leadership.
The Western knights of the 12<sup>th</sup> Century were far superior to
Islamic forces, and particularly at higher levels of command. Saladin started the reversal of the trend
which ended in the 13<sup>th</sup> Century.
One fatal difference influenced operations was the incessant bickering
of the various political components of either side. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>See the Crusade through
Arab Eyes, by Amin Maalouf, which shows how screwed up the Muslim side was
during the First Crusade until the Third.
During that period of time, Muslim rule passed from Arab to Turk, which
did not reverse again until after WW 1. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Crusades-Through-Arab-Eyes-Essentials/dp/0805208984/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402602005&sr=1-1&keywords=the+crusade+through+arab+eyes"><b>http://www.amazon.com/Crusades-Through-Arab-Eyes-Essentials/dp/0805208984/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1402602005&sr=1-1&keywords=the+crusade+through+arab+eyes</b></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>LEADING BY EXAMPLE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Crew Served Weapons, <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The recent studies of
modern combat and firing rates, show that any form of distance between the
enemies eyes and our own reduces aversion, and can activate the Run Down and
Chase Reflexes. This distancing applies to officers, non-commissioned officers,
crew served weapons crews, and those at a distance from the threat. Knights of the day from Far East to Iceland
operated as a crew served weapon, as the knight rarely went unaided or
alone. Except when showing off. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>13<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgJJKXpaZKIAyxvfCozCr5I9m1NN8l_pUrC9Fon7OTzslAzTfQg3G2i36u8aovn1ixWgEh5tBLpJhdksf7WtYmPh5fpfzYde1LfhtFM58sj3cZNcYc5-lwQSEP_gLCqLT7cOy2vCr8JVFW/s1600/Submit_13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgJJKXpaZKIAyxvfCozCr5I9m1NN8l_pUrC9Fon7OTzslAzTfQg3G2i36u8aovn1ixWgEh5tBLpJhdksf7WtYmPh5fpfzYde1LfhtFM58sj3cZNcYc5-lwQSEP_gLCqLT7cOy2vCr8JVFW/s1600/Submit_13.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kingdom of Heaven, Kerak. Balien (Right) intercepts Saladin's host (dust in background)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Flags and Bugles.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The noise, dust and
confusion of Close Order Battle makes giving verbal orders problematic. The high notes of the trumpet operate at a
frequency that the human ear registers full attention, and bugles are still
used (out of respect) today. Likewise
banners, flags, pennons, and Guidons are the default visual means of
controlling forces afoot, afloat, or a riding.
The soul that carried the banner of a band of brothers did so without a
weapon in hand, and for whom dropping the flag was a major disgrace. It still is, even though following the flag
in current battles would draw fire. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA5xpSOoEA_kHT8U2vUr9pVKzE3w5JXT4B1_8f_ISWS7usZqZnPQEKBrDG9C-p7l30avIoaIj-68GEZD-wScjFT20pFcEej8AJBMOYELviTmJoCCGEqSDNoh5jEPjBT90-nbhvneVcLeeg/s1600/Submit_14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA5xpSOoEA_kHT8U2vUr9pVKzE3w5JXT4B1_8f_ISWS7usZqZnPQEKBrDG9C-p7l30avIoaIj-68GEZD-wScjFT20pFcEej8AJBMOYELviTmJoCCGEqSDNoh5jEPjBT90-nbhvneVcLeeg/s1600/Submit_14.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN">14<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN">Units lacking the sense of camaraderie and shared
experiences have a short shelf life. Once
the enemy turns to run, runs or acts in a panicky way, the Rundown or Chase Reflex
automatically reverses the Revulsion Reflex, and the chase Is on.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>THE RUNDOWN REFLEX (THE
CHASE)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Once the enemy looks
away, turns his back, or demonstrates weakness, another equally powerful gut
reaction to chase down and kill the enemy without any sense of revulsion. In battles between forces in close order
(side by side, shoulder to shoulder, etc.) turning and running resulted in mass
casualties due to aroused avarice by the attacker and suppressed defensive
capabilities while running backside to front.
<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/On-Killing-Psychological-Learning-Society/dp/0316040932">http://www.amazon.com/On-Killing-Psychological-Learning-Society/dp/0316040932</a></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>It is no accident or
insidious capitalist warmongering plot that children play “hide and seek”, or
running games like “keep away” which goes professional in soccer, football
(both), basketball, or hockey. This
behavior like most childhood games is practice for what comes later in life,
and is driven by coding in DNA.
Socialization only provides the details.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Some of kids play is
not play but training, and it occurs naturally without any external input.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>15<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCLCVwYhlrfbke-wAYP6ig7zPfH6QZypvicnPIzgNwQnm25Z4IRN1pjtDfxKKtfuj4sHKk-53shjIaN3A4lNLM8ZolcIZkbBszPo9RIzp5LXrTO-6gGfWe0WJ5bkjCwOQAOrlAxZCtAvO/s1600/Submit_15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCLCVwYhlrfbke-wAYP6ig7zPfH6QZypvicnPIzgNwQnm25Z4IRN1pjtDfxKKtfuj4sHKk-53shjIaN3A4lNLM8ZolcIZkbBszPo9RIzp5LXrTO-6gGfWe0WJ5bkjCwOQAOrlAxZCtAvO/s1600/Submit_15.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>More serious “games”<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>16</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSe4kGBI1-jy_CNRVs5gsb4kSd7-q1LwW1Sg6ilxUfvPtqNk7coNCL0FpHO4CfTl1hWaIS9YEcyOe8ZY_98w8oug0rWhn-2DKeWdxtKAC0YZ0hfdLJHvz7w8z9C35BzSgst0BJX_8pJoVe/s1600/Submit_16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSe4kGBI1-jy_CNRVs5gsb4kSd7-q1LwW1Sg6ilxUfvPtqNk7coNCL0FpHO4CfTl1hWaIS9YEcyOe8ZY_98w8oug0rWhn-2DKeWdxtKAC0YZ0hfdLJHvz7w8z9C35BzSgst0BJX_8pJoVe/s1600/Submit_16.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Several important
factors reduce or counter revulsion reflex include those activities where the
mind is occupied with conscious engagement with a complex piece of hardware,
like a laser range finder. Or upon rote reaction of certain responses that
require the brain to focus on a few important things such as in calling for and
adjusting fires like Fire Missions and Tank Gunnery Commands. Those have to be done right despite foggy
brains and fear. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>RESOLUTION: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> This is the part when the loser is massacred
on the run even if not edible.
Basketball, Soccer, Rugby, and Hockey (field and ice) are running games
with the puck or ball representing the game’s game. This is the part when the
family chows down on the defeated, the wounded are bayoneted, and the dead are
stripped. In Medieval warfare, the casualties of the side that ran were
horrific while in those battle with no panic, or run, American Football is more
lethal. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>17 </b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh75hMeKpl1V32XnkuHZqWqqJ8syXcsvGEEnYhDl0xYCLdyJ3yNxMtfgWncvUIv7TfdGh7kBjhABzsQUMcL7pNoE-eve3ESZ0WVf2fs1Ziq6HG9iaY-w_A23ioCnKR-9OzD2KDhEq5ZBjrz/s1600/Submit_17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh75hMeKpl1V32XnkuHZqWqqJ8syXcsvGEEnYhDl0xYCLdyJ3yNxMtfgWncvUIv7TfdGh7kBjhABzsQUMcL7pNoE-eve3ESZ0WVf2fs1Ziq6HG9iaY-w_A23ioCnKR-9OzD2KDhEq5ZBjrz/s1600/Submit_17.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>King Guy of Jerusalem
surrenders to Saladin at the Battle at Hattin 1187<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-fa9t-JwfNcgLO5xUhIjP6hD73U5Ic5fNqJ1tu-CuAB4nIp1zar5pnD85NhqHK9GSIp3hRNpx5oYj_xSyoaVY4OGU3TXWIguuH4sVICn1uQc3APcMQnKMRfaMig6Eh1CzTtXzZAW7L7xH/s1600/Submit_18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-fa9t-JwfNcgLO5xUhIjP6hD73U5Ic5fNqJ1tu-CuAB4nIp1zar5pnD85NhqHK9GSIp3hRNpx5oYj_xSyoaVY4OGU3TXWIguuH4sVICn1uQc3APcMQnKMRfaMig6Eh1CzTtXzZAW7L7xH/s1600/Submit_18.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>18<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-90193289225225850262014-06-07T20:10:00.001-05:002014-06-07T20:11:29.657-05:00Fire and Maneuver, back then, right now and forever more. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fire
and Maneuver, back then, right now and forever more.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIa_tGS_3_O2fIofQ1dr_hUC6xoPctqA50Uvs6oKu9uPq2jWXdOpdgaEz8hOiZZaWunV96TlXmnXEarJUeFnPbGyIbjdBUGofLKi9hUh8pTxppQFFiX8ztOJR420FM7t3FZenBj9lRGRG5/s1600/Fire_JJ_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIa_tGS_3_O2fIofQ1dr_hUC6xoPctqA50Uvs6oKu9uPq2jWXdOpdgaEz8hOiZZaWunV96TlXmnXEarJUeFnPbGyIbjdBUGofLKi9hUh8pTxppQFFiX8ztOJR420FM7t3FZenBj9lRGRG5/s1600/Fire_JJ_01.jpg" height="308" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extracted from Manuals available at ARMA</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><b>Intercept</b>.</u> <b>A smaller shield
ranging from a foot to two feet across is also found in armies for as long as
shields were carried. This normally uses
a “center grip” which is flexible but not strong, as such it is used to actively
“intercept” the opponents’ warhead (blade, blunt, sharp) <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>I call this “contra
attack” because I haven’t figured out a better name. A counter attack is one in which the
opponents fist is bypassed for a more lethal target. The contra attack attacks the attack by
intercepting the fist itself or any supporting parts (arms) which includes the
Parry against the arm. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKFHhFW0-rEW6QZWRDXboTkCFHQKAg2EuWNXdUk9WszpyHPhuxBzOOvnSyKnrtZMRChQ54KO5px1MIF4nm468pyHbNiiesQi82KDOQG0G7sVK9xqltf9T9wv63Yz4jR0exNziDlN0jzzK/s1600/Fire_JJ_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUKFHhFW0-rEW6QZWRDXboTkCFHQKAg2EuWNXdUk9WszpyHPhuxBzOOvnSyKnrtZMRChQ54KO5px1MIF4nm468pyHbNiiesQi82KDOQG0G7sVK9xqltf9T9wv63Yz4jR0exNziDlN0jzzK/s1600/Fire_JJ_02.jpg" height="218" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Tactical
Imperative is taken into account in the design of units, equipment and
tactics. In this series the Tactical
Imperative dominates when the Fist is in range in Time and/or Distance. Therefore in the Fifties the skies over
American cities were defended by the Nike-Ajax anti-aircraft missile
system. Thus, a tactical response able
to reach and hit incoming Soviet aircraft should they appear. When the ICBM became the strategic weapon of
choice, the Nike-Ajax was deactivated but the bunkers are still there. It could
not reach an incoming ICBM.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieiFrpHG3uSll3xxvo2452zjd0wZvVRd2sQ4vkGkOKjubLgkLi8EVI3X11Bt6r-dMMxEAFIxl-TFmHDHdw79fDd-SKJ5J6fKIPhPUueh7T9dOpyNvAtdt59qhqExaSzchfic5r4xWNS3Iu/s1600/Fire_JJ_03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieiFrpHG3uSll3xxvo2452zjd0wZvVRd2sQ4vkGkOKjubLgkLi8EVI3X11Bt6r-dMMxEAFIxl-TFmHDHdw79fDd-SKJ5J6fKIPhPUueh7T9dOpyNvAtdt59qhqExaSzchfic5r4xWNS3Iu/s1600/Fire_JJ_03.jpg" height="338" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Shield Wall or
any other main force now or then is the hard place where the enemy forces will
be pinned so that the rock won’t miss.
The Rock is the mobile force then or now that is the “stimulus” that
goes with a necessary “response” to pin the enemy in place. In order to make this happen it is necessary
to apply other Tactical Imperatives.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifc_hlg7XHbRdbBoT5TANwumbgLDVr9eKsuE7qiQemRJ_MIvefR8mk-hP2d_yBdxY74j4bK_4GVVYoASB7lP0pErdttaUhrwZS0rvbybub2AWHCk3UUfGEcad7HsWsuEpkmBK522bq6wZo/s1600/Fire_JJ_04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifc_hlg7XHbRdbBoT5TANwumbgLDVr9eKsuE7qiQemRJ_MIvefR8mk-hP2d_yBdxY74j4bK_4GVVYoASB7lP0pErdttaUhrwZS0rvbybub2AWHCk3UUfGEcad7HsWsuEpkmBK522bq6wZo/s1600/Fire_JJ_04.jpg" height="140" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>This is classic “hide
and seek” to conceal and hide defensively, and to blind and confuse as a
“contra-attack” attacking the enemy force.
This has two major variants. One
in which the offensive force “pins” the enemy against an obstacle making it
hard to move out of the way. Or, induces the enemy to attack a force in a good
position which reduces the options that the enemy attacking force has. US Army tactics in the Vietnam War worked
better with attracting a VC/NVA attack against our overpowering fire power. I
called it the ant hill approach. We
placed our fire bases astride enemy supply lines which they were committed to
defend, by attacking us.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN09H6Jf6k6tIzoi7RqsA7lkxDip8ozYTFF_FUZc0RA2PTpzdlOP8nCeDaShshizbQJsHYntAg1Xe6UjWaUy5I8ozgAR_Bd4aSAkBKETmuu8MhofWt7GPiWWj_r9YsPeTKrOOwl-nIsOZf/s1600/Fire_JJ_07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN09H6Jf6k6tIzoi7RqsA7lkxDip8ozYTFF_FUZc0RA2PTpzdlOP8nCeDaShshizbQJsHYntAg1Xe6UjWaUy5I8ozgAR_Bd4aSAkBKETmuu8MhofWt7GPiWWj_r9YsPeTKrOOwl-nIsOZf/s1600/Fire_JJ_07.jpg" height="240" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Crusader defense
of the Levant (Holy Land) used exactly the same tactical imperatives astride
the lines of communication from hostile territory to important places the Latin
Kingdoms had to protect. Jerusalem
instead of Saigon, the Belen gap
instead of the Fish Hook through which huge logistical columns had to pass. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YW0wHWskrfaStXeiVfSzRoqRMc9TBCjHYHpUQWUq01SGVWyszSoJ7sAxPWQ8lJTyr29muXcVrk680ykBMZbO_wqKQhx0aq0DLqmppmV07Itw0xZTfCi_7DcXIvftdK0eAYaGjarmSQbe/s1600/Fire_JJ_06V.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YW0wHWskrfaStXeiVfSzRoqRMc9TBCjHYHpUQWUq01SGVWyszSoJ7sAxPWQ8lJTyr29muXcVrk680ykBMZbO_wqKQhx0aq0DLqmppmV07Itw0xZTfCi_7DcXIvftdK0eAYaGjarmSQbe/s1600/Fire_JJ_06V.jpg" height="640" width="212" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Temple’s original
mission of protecting the pilgrims between Jaffa and the Holy sites in the
Jordan Valley, especially Jerusalem itself to that of a Guard mission of
protecting the Latin Kingdom’s critical terrain and the lines of communication
for movement the length of the Levant against a land threat from all except the
Mediterranean where the West had naval superiority. As long as that superiority lasted the West
could shift its power on a north-south axis by taking to the sea. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>NAVAL SUPERIORITY,
LITTORAL AND ALL.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>As the Levant itself
was extremely narrow, it was relatively easier for the enemies of the Kingdoms
to drive to the sea for a temporary advantage.
Even though the Kingdom of Jerusalem was effectively removed as an entity,
as long as Christianity retained naval superiority, it took another century for
the Levant to be returned to Muslim control.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> The last important bastions of the Crusades in
the Levant were Acre and Tortosa. So infuriating was the ability of the West to
shift by sea from one and to the other, Saladin started a policy of destroying
the ports on the Mediterranean. This policy was continued by the Mameluks and
Ottomans until the Levant had a much reduced access for trade. It was of considerable economic importance
for the Ottomans that east-west trade went through either Cairo or Istanbul.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> The re-opening of the Levant started after WW 1, and is causing severe growth
pains.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The islands of Crete,
Cypress, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands controlled movement
across the Mediterranean, north, south and east and west. At the beginning of
the Crusader Era, these Islands were under Muslim control, by the end, they
were in Christian hands. The Ottoman Empire
eventually retook Crete and Cypress along with Constantinople. The Turk retains
control over Istanbul, the rest lost to the West in following centuries. Whoever controlled those islands controlled
the sea lanes hence trade and war. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJymOLOYzX8YUFpZ8pB9Qd8PoS39Rknvk_yERufYiRBlkn_f9_wmcL7gI0AWpM0d1Fy8cMCKSyuPpiT-THpNaNJNtTMc4lc-A4906t1MhDbeRzGtZkr3N3Owu-XtqwaMdga3MHqjcSO7E/s1600/Fire_JJ_08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJymOLOYzX8YUFpZ8pB9Qd8PoS39Rknvk_yERufYiRBlkn_f9_wmcL7gI0AWpM0d1Fy8cMCKSyuPpiT-THpNaNJNtTMc4lc-A4906t1MhDbeRzGtZkr3N3Owu-XtqwaMdga3MHqjcSO7E/s1600/Fire_JJ_08.jpg" height="276" width="640" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>(IMHO), the
differences between the tactical, the operational and the strategic is not one
of absolute scale, but of the relation between that which is in range of
firepower. That which is in range of
supplies and reinforcement is the operational.
And that which affects the choice of courses of action is strategic. The tactical imperatives are scalable from
rifleman to POTUS. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The constants in war
are the terrain and the troops. Technology
including Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TT&P) make the difference.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>NNDNN<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>*<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-32903294313482866562014-06-06T20:26:00.000-05:002014-06-06T20:26:30.451-05:00War and the Polity<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Primal Conflict<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4p-P9gRDfBDT0lsiLrnK1-yZcbwSsdXhnGx3XHxaG8Xhz6-z4WwsHbF5vFBxkGJ5uGljdMMPGEpHXlYAqSvY4IRGsyMTpLx2kAiEDYBqs39kMSsJZvUamQZbosgMk4YopvCGnjpdfJE1N/s1600/Reason_002.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4p-P9gRDfBDT0lsiLrnK1-yZcbwSsdXhnGx3XHxaG8Xhz6-z4WwsHbF5vFBxkGJ5uGljdMMPGEpHXlYAqSvY4IRGsyMTpLx2kAiEDYBqs39kMSsJZvUamQZbosgMk4YopvCGnjpdfJE1N/s1600/Reason_002.bmp" height="202" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Biology mandates that the Polity<sup>*</sup>
must survive day to day, and generation to generation. Or in simpler terms,
food and sex (dinner-date, paid & laid).
Without food the individuals die, without sex the Polity dies out. Conflicts occur over priority access to one,
the other or both. Conflict over food or
the means to obtain it, is no game. Conflict over Sex is all game. And it is often hard to distinguish one from
the other. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">*Polity is the group that is
to survive or die. It can be external or internal or integrated. This simplifies reference to tribes,
battalion, villages, herds, pods, flocks, and/or schools. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja4-awD-1JWaxmZ5WZuFvWHyhm3qqljE8HEsEQE2LVJh_f8mYOOiIBsz82BP8T8qzuNaue7lh3zwVJ1MYshzR8H2Ew_govxsp48vDpG791AH5Z9q0SIAv6HhFr6qxm60MEgvSSAggPxeN3/s1600/Reason_003.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja4-awD-1JWaxmZ5WZuFvWHyhm3qqljE8HEsEQE2LVJh_f8mYOOiIBsz82BP8T8qzuNaue7lh3zwVJ1MYshzR8H2Ew_govxsp48vDpG791AH5Z9q0SIAv6HhFr6qxm60MEgvSSAggPxeN3/s1600/Reason_003.bmp" height="202" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Warrior is both Hero and
Villain.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In battle, the opponent has
the same ROLE dynamics, in which the Knight goes on the offense, and appears as
a Villain to the enemy. The Offence then
loses the moral stigma found in Psychological Games. That goes to propaganda and Psychological Operations.
Combat requires the combination of the Murderous Knight, the Manipulative
Nurse, and the Mad Infant. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Commander is both Mother
and Father.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">War isn't about being nice,
except when it serves the interests of the Polity. A commander of a Troop Unit must be both
Father and Mother to the troops. That is
stated in US Army doctrine for leadership priorities as “the Mission and the Welfare
of the Troops”. The Mission usually has
priority over the welfare of the troops, but not always and sometimes it is the
other way around.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">PROTECT & NURTURE –
ENLIST!<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia_ptBh0q8VzHRy8ShEi07WgkXp_rWgvSOk_k4Tba_7FhZpOQLkWGhKMwz2EYsQRTXTu8OT65WWE76xjW4o09lsy3hFj9CPfLT4vkqeIg77QSrXKyKkl_25aaGKqbnuZRGyQDTvyOnlgdF/s1600/Reason_004.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia_ptBh0q8VzHRy8ShEi07WgkXp_rWgvSOk_k4Tba_7FhZpOQLkWGhKMwz2EYsQRTXTu8OT65WWE76xjW4o09lsy3hFj9CPfLT4vkqeIg77QSrXKyKkl_25aaGKqbnuZRGyQDTvyOnlgdF/s1600/Reason_004.bmp" height="258" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The enemy have their own templates
with the same ROLES except that the RULES and TOOLS combine in ways unique to
that opponent. As it is for one side or the other, the survival of the Polity
and its war fighting body must be Protected and Nurtured and Grown. Unlike the Dinner-Date Roles of the Polity,
the Human Troop Units are not always biological. New recruits for the Troop Unit are family,
and/or raised from outside the Unit, trained (nurtured) and armed (protected)
and the Father Commander (or Mother Commander) is responsible. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcUtqLW-Oh6utG7mO05zCkjgcCYlg18os6xqnDr71a2D6qcWvVJIAsFqZgC_4TdQWbWGj0cLDbTjCJkrKKZ6Q_SUwBT7MYyE5XtSHRIkOMqio_9FTEP1gNbBUeBuoFxzLrhH1QyKm2B8pt/s1600/Reason_005.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcUtqLW-Oh6utG7mO05zCkjgcCYlg18os6xqnDr71a2D6qcWvVJIAsFqZgC_4TdQWbWGj0cLDbTjCJkrKKZ6Q_SUwBT7MYyE5XtSHRIkOMqio_9FTEP1gNbBUeBuoFxzLrhH1QyKm2B8pt/s1600/Reason_005.bmp" height="216" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">SOCIAL STATUS<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Face:</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Self-confidence in the self and the troop unit.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fate: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The rules, regulations, doctrine, way of war
and what happens in failure. Or success.
Yours and the enemy’s. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fame</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: Recognition for service well done. Or not. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fortune: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In this case it is the specialty or military
role of the troops and the troop unit. That may be infantry, cavalry, engineer,
cook and commander. And it also means promotion or disgrace.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6aKOOxaaGKfHsfep74B50mmv5QpjzKZ3yPqnSbXgb-Yn2-f48rtr8AajwlE2SUtKk5P7ksD1D0A6PZMy8KU0WZmwDlfNtEulXxTJrU7f71UmbKZf5eDPFqqLnUNWuq1Wt7da4C3c0iqEn/s1600/Reason_006.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6aKOOxaaGKfHsfep74B50mmv5QpjzKZ3yPqnSbXgb-Yn2-f48rtr8AajwlE2SUtKk5P7ksD1D0A6PZMy8KU0WZmwDlfNtEulXxTJrU7f71UmbKZf5eDPFqqLnUNWuq1Wt7da4C3c0iqEn/s1600/Reason_006.bmp" height="198" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Physical (and its effects</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Time & Distance</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: How fast and how far.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPL5eudB-OfqT7tljnp-b9ImQBM_nHA5tmHgoD6zIdhK_ddlOCFeK0jX6J1ahBlJnFFCll6Pd44CsTBSI62ajZlESoh_rSE6eysF3kpyNXLeD3HWrCwttbtFAmI0VtUyIXe4Kq9STZvezZ/s1600/Reason_007.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPL5eudB-OfqT7tljnp-b9ImQBM_nHA5tmHgoD6zIdhK_ddlOCFeK0jX6J1ahBlJnFFCll6Pd44CsTBSI62ajZlESoh_rSE6eysF3kpyNXLeD3HWrCwttbtFAmI0VtUyIXe4Kq9STZvezZ/s1600/Reason_007.bmp" height="300" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1968, Unit I was in support of on Thunder Road, QL 13</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ground: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Terrain analysis and the military use of the
field of battle. It also applies in the
analysis of how the locals, enemies, and allies use the land.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<a href="http://templarmilitaris.blogspot.com/search?q=terrain+analysis">http://templarmilitaris.blogspot.com/search?q=terrain+analysis</a><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-d-rEROCO3ykj5q6sb3AwAmGzHpVIjaqDqMma77DDk_7CB35eTLD8D7NxNuF5_tmt7b7_4kbxjSmk72y8XbWXSkNxtHbbK0d5-OtilB68C3Ry4F8XU0d_7tEnDYNsQEHKiMM8IycctTW/s1600/Reason_008.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-d-rEROCO3ykj5q6sb3AwAmGzHpVIjaqDqMma77DDk_7CB35eTLD8D7NxNuF5_tmt7b7_4kbxjSmk72y8XbWXSkNxtHbbK0d5-OtilB68C3Ry4F8XU0d_7tEnDYNsQEHKiMM8IycctTW/s1600/Reason_008.bmp" height="194" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ridges and Rivers dominate
movement, which movement one is interested in dominating in sex, war, and
politics. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Body:</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This goes to not only feeding, but the
protection and arming the same.</span></strong><b> <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></b></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Training is aimed at getting the most out of
the body of the troops and the Troop Unit itself. In this issue, we deal with the body as the
fighting machines. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzO830kkDVkQvszwoKAXv8Q-W6RNMDkT4vE7yU6Cz5r1TVYUtjS95146mNYoGU8riQOeQnZnkZevQ1LaGIsTYzeq5P0tWUmXbFGkCYK5RL-oQng2rqNI8ZaUqb1O-75veeUSx4zL9cpy1k/s1600/Reason_009.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzO830kkDVkQvszwoKAXv8Q-W6RNMDkT4vE7yU6Cz5r1TVYUtjS95146mNYoGU8riQOeQnZnkZevQ1LaGIsTYzeq5P0tWUmXbFGkCYK5RL-oQng2rqNI8ZaUqb1O-75veeUSx4zL9cpy1k/s1600/Reason_009.bmp" height="408" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Relation of TCM to Medieval Fighting Styles</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<strong></strong></div>
<br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The hand stuff is a training
aid to remember the RULES.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDUbInfKhZ38UNnyvA3cPFs9FGeX06P6AijhmnwVWNE8jIii5oaV8fwCzdNtOk9hyphenhyphenvnh24rJb7BuLWHgsgxko74se8Xc4KLwAto4pbDml41iHxlMU_JA02owBzADhDtfqqondoFpcO4TCR/s1600/Reason_010.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDUbInfKhZ38UNnyvA3cPFs9FGeX06P6AijhmnwVWNE8jIii5oaV8fwCzdNtOk9hyphenhyphenvnh24rJb7BuLWHgsgxko74se8Xc4KLwAto4pbDml41iHxlMU_JA02owBzADhDtfqqondoFpcO4TCR/s1600/Reason_010.bmp" height="202" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">THE TOOLS</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Tools of the trade
include hardware, software, tactic, technique, and procedure. The success (or failure) of any combination
to achieve the desired Tactical Imperative array link back through the RULES to
enhance the standing of the ROLE.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP2TAIPzJncCwqH3xl7iT36tbpCXswyqRcoP96X7BrwMZH0y2YP850mqEMwIFGY2YFjMN0AtIQH84Uly2oqth3cgvVsnqTCPoQqcro8LqP-kql3UW2bVGX8U-s3NGlWLXKSNPIPAvK7yk/s1600/Reason_011.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP2TAIPzJncCwqH3xl7iT36tbpCXswyqRcoP96X7BrwMZH0y2YP850mqEMwIFGY2YFjMN0AtIQH84Uly2oqth3cgvVsnqTCPoQqcro8LqP-kql3UW2bVGX8U-s3NGlWLXKSNPIPAvK7yk/s1600/Reason_011.bmp" height="238" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My photos in 1968-9</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></strong></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2F_PWYeswtTfdAB5camT2aVxC7w4-vASgqkkfBSZHoZjBWXWvGm4MwalPtiXoADWHKzsBvV1DXDGJXN8o3Lx1FTFnO3UB15tLCE0mvOn6A25JjGW72mrWsnzg7O9kW5I1rCvA7ocFXLNZ/s1600/Reason_012.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2F_PWYeswtTfdAB5camT2aVxC7w4-vASgqkkfBSZHoZjBWXWvGm4MwalPtiXoADWHKzsBvV1DXDGJXN8o3Lx1FTFnO3UB15tLCE0mvOn6A25JjGW72mrWsnzg7O9kW5I1rCvA7ocFXLNZ/s1600/Reason_012.bmp" height="318" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tactical Strategic Operations<sup>#</sup><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">#Note: Tactics occurs in firing range,
operations is getting in range, and strategy is messing with their minds. These are not distinct levels, but concurrent
at all levels one way or the other.
Failure in one can doom successes elsewhere. Battle is the ultimate conversation, hence
Combat Transactional Analysis must be comprehensive and include all the major
factors: FOOD, FAMILY, ROLES, RULES and TOOLS. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">At some point in time, the sides to a conflict
eventually find a course of action that supports living to day to day, and
generation to generation. A successful
one is one in which both sides profit from the agreement. If not, there will be trouble. Victory on the battlefield does not bring on
Victory of the War. It helps, but the
NVA won in Vietnam as they only had to win the last one. Then they had no clue as to how to run a
nation.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> General
Nathanael Greene, commander of the Southern Campaign in the American
Revolution, left a series of battles leaving the British on the field, such as
the Battle of Guilford Courthouse having lost more casualties than they could
afford. This led directly to Yorktown, surrender and independence. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKIy2ooO-m83ku-5npygYpYrU_u64Ph3Xc8AvXCSLMhhNB0SWw4Lr_kuYNrPoBb2V6iTdTYlqX1f205ifC_J8cZO6VlKJiB3PrRABJg0mTi7iO_91UoGRCypRXvYG7G94IV0ewwADz3kU/s1600/Reason_013.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKIy2ooO-m83ku-5npygYpYrU_u64Ph3Xc8AvXCSLMhhNB0SWw4Lr_kuYNrPoBb2V6iTdTYlqX1f205ifC_J8cZO6VlKJiB3PrRABJg0mTi7iO_91UoGRCypRXvYG7G94IV0ewwADz3kU/s1600/Reason_013.bmp" height="276" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shoulder to Shoulder remained in effect until 1915 in the mud of Flanders</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Likewise, the battle tactics favored by Steppe
nomads, upgraded when settled down made a specialty of a fake retreat, drawing
the enemy into a huge trap. This also was a standard tactic in dealing with
Western Knights who, once they charged, were hard to recall, if at all. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BScng__mK_NkC24OS3mc7CdUu8eoNAZEFjYBQveNP37BSMrH3bNou3sPBqJ1tTmms61SjsIDnqM9B_8Ja0xc4J-6JsA1UnI_2cQPZ2dlE8UaMGbI7766TgQtZCLWS8UnFRTO4NC8Tb_m/s1600/Reason_014.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BScng__mK_NkC24OS3mc7CdUu8eoNAZEFjYBQveNP37BSMrH3bNou3sPBqJ1tTmms61SjsIDnqM9B_8Ja0xc4J-6JsA1UnI_2cQPZ2dlE8UaMGbI7766TgQtZCLWS8UnFRTO4NC8Tb_m/s1600/Reason_014.bmp" height="246" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sun Tzu Says It Better:<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “</span></strong><b><span lang="EN">The art of war, then, is
governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's
deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the
field. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2)
Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">The MORAL LAW causes the
people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him
regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN">HEAVEN signifies night and
day, cold and heat, times and seasons.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN">EARTH comprises distances,
great and small; danger and security; open ground and narrow passes; the
chances of life and death.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">The COMMANDER stands for the
virtues of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and strictness.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">By METHOD AND DISCIPLINE are
to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the
graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which
supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">And with regard to deception, he says th</span></b><span lang="EN">at </span><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">“All warfare is based on deception</span></b><span lang="EN">”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">“Hence, when able to attack,
we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are
near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must
make him believe we are near.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">Hold out baits to entice the
enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">If he is secure at all
points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">If your opponent is of
choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow
arrogant<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">If he is taking his ease,
give him no rest.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">If his forces are united,
separate them.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<b><span lang="EN">Attack him where he is
unprepared, appear where you are not expected.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">These military devices,
leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
last note on OPSEC mitigates against divulging the commander’s intent and
concept of operations.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">F4F
is a more tortured route coming to the same conclusions as did Sun Tzu. For the
Warrior, sooner or later, it boils down to battle, or the threat thereof. It gets down to the basics: Smash something, grab something, and/or brag
about it. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The Doolittle Raid on Tokyo on April 18, 1942
smashed little, grabbed nothing, but the bragging about it brought Admiral
Yamamoto to Midway that fateful day on June 4, 1942 that cost Japan four of its
first line carriers.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJm3gDko0JuE-4kIJkzx-NQfKT_7ChKj3UHwQl0a0vxxmQlrlVVkpP4sfKjV6l0nBTyjJh2APCqGaOYSOOcREZT30Ypiud9eD3plLoceO5PZETyp2fbVCAOleiVXzWlL22AdYr-LQPgqiC/s1600/Reason_015.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJm3gDko0JuE-4kIJkzx-NQfKT_7ChKj3UHwQl0a0vxxmQlrlVVkpP4sfKjV6l0nBTyjJh2APCqGaOYSOOcREZT30Ypiud9eD3plLoceO5PZETyp2fbVCAOleiVXzWlL22AdYr-LQPgqiC/s1600/Reason_015.bmp" height="184" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Battle: Smash, Grab and/or Brag<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<b>One to one is a duel,
battle is not a duel for it is many on many. Whether one, the many or the few, the
purpose of battle is to grab something, smash something, and most importantly,
to brag about something. Four Japanese
carriers were smashed, and Saladin took Jerusalem, mission accomplished!<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b> </b><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Victory is defined as to Who
Goes, Who Stays, and Who Says So.</span></strong></h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Courses of
Action. That something is when to stand,
when to fold, when to attack and when to bring more stuff into the game
(defend, attack, withdraw, or reinforce) are the standard courses of action
that you think you know is going on.</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXS7zvxYUjL04pHSlUKAiSlHaYQkpniz_Ibz4nvfmnJ99LLXxqVQwAS8qXSa7q2TckOpXDg0S3Lzk0mqNF0G7nkGCoc5X0BqtAxOoRN6RpxBHR9lj2vuIUjZw9yEkYU3A-gfDSxbcB7TeV/s1600/Reason_016.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXS7zvxYUjL04pHSlUKAiSlHaYQkpniz_Ibz4nvfmnJ99LLXxqVQwAS8qXSa7q2TckOpXDg0S3Lzk0mqNF0G7nkGCoc5X0BqtAxOoRN6RpxBHR9lj2vuIUjZw9yEkYU3A-gfDSxbcB7TeV/s1600/Reason_016.bmp" height="228" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><i>A Tactical Victory (or other bragging right) with respect for the battlefield
can be defined as who stays, who goes, and who says so</i>. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZRzP-502qclN1SWOYfVHDYP7XEJCGu-liJ4lkBnM1DGbGoObh1NouQGm8kfYIhGM3BvRU0Mu4AQpLjw2r2nvfg037TRIOe6-w2elPqVCKJPk5TVdIohLoKXU12okOSr4xRn8sdIVJ8vu/s1600/Reason_017.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZRzP-502qclN1SWOYfVHDYP7XEJCGu-liJ4lkBnM1DGbGoObh1NouQGm8kfYIhGM3BvRU0Mu4AQpLjw2r2nvfg037TRIOe6-w2elPqVCKJPk5TVdIohLoKXU12okOSr4xRn8sdIVJ8vu/s1600/Reason_017.bmp" height="224" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The outcome of
battles fought is often the result of happenstance, chance and fluke. Napoleon preferred commanders who were lucky,
regardless of competence. Then again,
there was Moscow where he snatched defeat from the jaws of victory.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>NNDNN</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-10545877322195548532014-05-11T22:14:00.001-05:002014-05-11T22:14:36.142-05:00Spear Tips Gleaming<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBjWwnQ4Hl8EW_Mds3ty0d1afNG_LXTw-t6JK5hUiG5oZpyJNvtkkJpXXtTtnMqThXFpWF13yCmEo4RCH9mQnq7Ze9scgFVxq2zNm0NxOxlUxKTGjjrzD-LOV-947xyVU1WXWkBNF_UKk4/s1600/Templara+vs+Sith_Gleaming.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBjWwnQ4Hl8EW_Mds3ty0d1afNG_LXTw-t6JK5hUiG5oZpyJNvtkkJpXXtTtnMqThXFpWF13yCmEo4RCH9mQnq7Ze9scgFVxq2zNm0NxOxlUxKTGjjrzD-LOV-947xyVU1WXWkBNF_UKk4/s1600/Templara+vs+Sith_Gleaming.bmp" height="300" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Spear Tips Gleaming<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<br /><div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>DATE
\@ "dddd, MMMM dd, yyyy" <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";">Sunday,
May 11, 2014</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";">Considerable
discipline, cohesion, and confidence were critical to Close Order Combat,
particularly in Close Combat. Teamwork was required in both rank (left and right)
and file (front and back). Files were
organized like a batting order with battle drill to coordinate defense and
attack from the enemy. This is why so
many units were drawn from the same home towns including the specialists and
mercenaries.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjep3GUUr9JkQqxinHGAuNbgsCV-EWhZ2Q-uXiqQzmVTM7SJFSQ7lycTXC3wCKC2sopirhG-kBadObcEUTHYHtrvyCsc_zBXJZfSglCwVWKQlrIfiybjg56YPOaqrV_np6972btKDno_7kT/s1600/Templaria.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjep3GUUr9JkQqxinHGAuNbgsCV-EWhZ2Q-uXiqQzmVTM7SJFSQ7lycTXC3wCKC2sopirhG-kBadObcEUTHYHtrvyCsc_zBXJZfSglCwVWKQlrIfiybjg56YPOaqrV_np6972btKDno_7kT/s1600/Templaria.bmp" height="322" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";">Templar
Shield wall against another’s armed the same way. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbKDHONLReEhKzXvjhvxc2pCA44eFUNkQZxDkNyTQreb5vbLDrPU2MoNN_RDD3pFPdkkT8G4k2tMl0kXdvYAZvWpDfI_PA8P3xexne_erm_6f_0IMLi0vcchUby8g_EZb71mAcoNAUaeu7/s1600/Templar+vs+Sith+03.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbKDHONLReEhKzXvjhvxc2pCA44eFUNkQZxDkNyTQreb5vbLDrPU2MoNN_RDD3pFPdkkT8G4k2tMl0kXdvYAZvWpDfI_PA8P3xexne_erm_6f_0IMLi0vcchUby8g_EZb71mAcoNAUaeu7/s1600/Templar+vs+Sith+03.bmp" height="444" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFy0C7WPYnSxEvk5wRFQix04L7X4tWqCdlFp4R3RKB1A2O4fLs6P_R3ndnyB4GLPMMfm_ujtfcoDiDuZQEy87SBiTJ2JA5-cyVIxrHclQUMMjB430yIn6tQx_tpmJJJpgFR5J2MzNrfswh/s1600/Templar+vs+Sith+02.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFy0C7WPYnSxEvk5wRFQix04L7X4tWqCdlFp4R3RKB1A2O4fLs6P_R3ndnyB4GLPMMfm_ujtfcoDiDuZQEy87SBiTJ2JA5-cyVIxrHclQUMMjB430yIn6tQx_tpmJJJpgFR5J2MzNrfswh/s1600/Templar+vs+Sith+02.bmp" height="412" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', sans-serif;">Getting
too close prevents the front rank from using their weapons effectively, and has
often led to butchery as on Senlac Hill, 1066.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTKGeaAlkvZSNUp9JNso6eJRb1lHlH8gvLK-X-FMuFogPQP7FMC8QqglqV3lidd9bTZAEFHYb_Qp-v4zkwRQ7etARcBJYWVEJiVtBw1qeQC3fHgMdYNgKPXSKhHtNTbPdwKAbslNfZJHvw/s1600/The+Press+of+Battle.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTKGeaAlkvZSNUp9JNso6eJRb1lHlH8gvLK-X-FMuFogPQP7FMC8QqglqV3lidd9bTZAEFHYb_Qp-v4zkwRQ7etARcBJYWVEJiVtBw1qeQC3fHgMdYNgKPXSKhHtNTbPdwKAbslNfZJHvw/s1600/The+Press+of+Battle.bmp" height="252" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";">As
orderly as I have rendered these images, the reality of disorder outranks order
every time. In the Medieval close order
formations, crowding was a potentially lethal mix, given the contagion of a
Startle Response.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsrdktoBiesQ0qu87UrH1ICXv634YNdoXgVCoQsnxfKC_jbRcRK9Ae5ELCoJh2Q9shRZ9rhy7cyghr4RjjtHB2GZa2KnQttC8LUjyHjXPBesXPKP7z2YEJhzSipE-0K3zo7SX0tvs6skZe/s1600/Templar+vs+Sith+01.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsrdktoBiesQ0qu87UrH1ICXv634YNdoXgVCoQsnxfKC_jbRcRK9Ae5ELCoJh2Q9shRZ9rhy7cyghr4RjjtHB2GZa2KnQttC8LUjyHjXPBesXPKP7z2YEJhzSipE-0K3zo7SX0tvs6skZe/s1600/Templar+vs+Sith+01.bmp" height="384" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";">The
top/bottom views show how important a 45 degree stance is to allow full range
of motion for the arm with the weapon while covering the soldier on the left or
shield side. In addition, the lead
ranks did not blindly stab upon each other, but had the same kind of moves
found on a basketball court, football field or pitch, or golf. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGBauX38eYrzi3i19wcr6ooOMLShifr0-k40hN6HTYsfB8i32dvovR1b-mfpshWzjTM0azI1LyEsyM01vhN14esK7BEFgi1xwzIHglLmcRMgoE7qXvO1GX36zLvLyTLqFinLh0_To2qh_/s1600/Serena.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGBauX38eYrzi3i19wcr6ooOMLShifr0-k40hN6HTYsfB8i32dvovR1b-mfpshWzjTM0azI1LyEsyM01vhN14esK7BEFgi1xwzIHglLmcRMgoE7qXvO1GX36zLvLyTLqFinLh0_To2qh_/s1600/Serena.bmp" height="252" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', sans-serif;">The
same kind of body mechanics in battle are the same as in competitive
sports. As a matter of fact, games which
replicate the same body mechanics began to appear as they disappeared from the
battlefield. This includes running,
blocking, hitting, and throwing.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhICVOytLX0scpt__jXRVtHA8dTtaiyhthysmmIN0uNuLpFgrzn8vvrSRv2vES4oGkat878OHjMK_iOLfJwciAreSYwy3BtrUtlpB-e9UuJv6tMPq0xKya-_rlfBFzeCBXGgaJywyjur4qP/s1600/Baseball.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhICVOytLX0scpt__jXRVtHA8dTtaiyhthysmmIN0uNuLpFgrzn8vvrSRv2vES4oGkat878OHjMK_iOLfJwciAreSYwy3BtrUtlpB-e9UuJv6tMPq0xKya-_rlfBFzeCBXGgaJywyjur4qP/s1600/Baseball.bmp" height="396" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";">The difference
between stabbing vs throwing is that the weapon is retracted by reversing the
sequence of actions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcPRbdzRuuFemeAjmMT2HIiuTpAG_AKD0mQiA4grnf60c6-OnMjiq1JWqjw7RHWlE-hUqbW1cierCg39xw8YfTKyzAgKKD4d474NY-9gDZMb585waGpDNmqjrCtYh_qEaYRO9x5GiCVmGR/s1600/Hasting+v+Norman.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcPRbdzRuuFemeAjmMT2HIiuTpAG_AKD0mQiA4grnf60c6-OnMjiq1JWqjw7RHWlE-hUqbW1cierCg39xw8YfTKyzAgKKD4d474NY-9gDZMb585waGpDNmqjrCtYh_qEaYRO9x5GiCVmGR/s1600/Hasting+v+Norman.bmp" height="154" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black', sans-serif;">Sort of
like a golf club (the club, not the Club)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";">As
Sergeant Grimm would say:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF7oGVrIxwHhqhFrgPhuQNHRtiZCqprvpz6bSPpJ42CUUQedJ9WaBn2beCsx2dlSd1EFuCD-UBvvCikb7xQRGiWoRXKlmE1kvv5CrtdJkIYjB44ORNYShwjNldQlj9y00iOMoQCOloHae5/s1600/Parchment+Long+Arn+3.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF7oGVrIxwHhqhFrgPhuQNHRtiZCqprvpz6bSPpJ42CUUQedJ9WaBn2beCsx2dlSd1EFuCD-UBvvCikb7xQRGiWoRXKlmE1kvv5CrtdJkIYjB44ORNYShwjNldQlj9y00iOMoQCOloHae5/s1600/Parchment+Long+Arn+3.bmp" height="214" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif";"> The Temple versus the Sith.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQmUyLVMMwOAk6F4hQqqF3Lynem2oOHNBWJyZSM5W3mXrKURtUa83zE1hHs6C7DocP3w1uI8qTz1QKsE98OBPwwl6guJH7spIQJGpRy2aOEvjHxhsgGyTDCeoR77Tkj2Y15yJgZeww7hyZ/s1600/Sith.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQmUyLVMMwOAk6F4hQqqF3Lynem2oOHNBWJyZSM5W3mXrKURtUa83zE1hHs6C7DocP3w1uI8qTz1QKsE98OBPwwl6guJH7spIQJGpRy2aOEvjHxhsgGyTDCeoR77Tkj2Y15yJgZeww7hyZ/s1600/Sith.bmp" height="434" width="640" /></a></div>
</div>
Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-49648864682466902362014-04-14T16:40:00.000-05:002014-04-14T16:42:20.853-05:00The Tips of the Spears<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWPS0ss4Majfn5a-Qona2z51nUDqrMv0TnbIBoLdY45_eh0UN0v9D9uAEQSNOYTLsErnumjv6pueBRnQ7ChYtqMlcDmc7ebRefDOkT8fS6hTcvyKFHBCaVExSxv0qX7YGC6UBGuPevbmah/s1600/Spearhead_00.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWPS0ss4Majfn5a-Qona2z51nUDqrMv0TnbIBoLdY45_eh0UN0v9D9uAEQSNOYTLsErnumjv6pueBRnQ7ChYtqMlcDmc7ebRefDOkT8fS6hTcvyKFHBCaVExSxv0qX7YGC6UBGuPevbmah/s1600/Spearhead_00.bmp" height="228" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif;">Sergeant Jason, above, is about to deliver a telling stab to those uncovered target is
in range and ranged.</span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif;">His spear is held
in position to stab down and in front with the point of the spear on the little
finger side in what may be called the “over hand” grip.</span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif;">The Bayeux Tapestry show the over hand grip
as default in the shield wall to facilitate stabbing down and out over the wall
of shields.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vW5xy5mdR7Xpd-BvUY4O-sj1EzTFTQV2gyB6r5CvZXphflcBa4ZSyleQQkmcQiQS9-PWlyJ5hyEKj7zsBG1ml_4R0y25a52bEF-DPtE17fwgaRR86N7H05wKpQLff0PxunI-4ZkYh7_9/s1600/Spearhead_01.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3vW5xy5mdR7Xpd-BvUY4O-sj1EzTFTQV2gyB6r5CvZXphflcBa4ZSyleQQkmcQiQS9-PWlyJ5hyEKj7zsBG1ml_4R0y25a52bEF-DPtE17fwgaRR86N7H05wKpQLff0PxunI-4ZkYh7_9/s1600/Spearhead_01.bmp" height="140" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">O<b>verhand grip used by both sides, infantry and cav</b>alry</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sp-1</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">The
“over hand” grip with the arm back as if in throwing (rock, spear, and javelin)
is also used with other weapons such as the sword, axe, and/or club. The advantage of the overhand pose,
regardless of the weapons includes a better twist on the base of stirrup and
hip to the upper body, and a greater range of upper body movement that would
otherwise been hampered by being knee to knee, stirrup to flank of the horse on
one side and the chest of the horse on the other side. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpY_eTmSVE03Icy9__OJhqYe3vg2-fZDUI5-y_Ytr1ls96Qa4N9qlsAbU0bsj64jU9_Lpslgbp61aUXF5ynEYB8D5KeZmg8shFhSf6bgg6ReECTBkXEXiNDxKMRN8p2Du289ShRgoe5rzi/s1600/Spearhead_02.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpY_eTmSVE03Icy9__OJhqYe3vg2-fZDUI5-y_Ytr1ls96Qa4N9qlsAbU0bsj64jU9_Lpslgbp61aUXF5ynEYB8D5KeZmg8shFhSf6bgg6ReECTBkXEXiNDxKMRN8p2Du289ShRgoe5rzi/s1600/Spearhead_02.bmp" height="210" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Mongols here also show the overhand grip</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif;">Sp-3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">Contemporary
art of the century after Hastings (1066-1166) reflects the shift in Western
mounted warfare towards the couched grip.
Indeed, the Tapestry features three grips, couched, low grip and over
hand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">Regardless
of East or West, mounted or on foot, the over hand option used with the spear
or lance requires a 180 turnaround of the butt of the spear for the point. This requires a certain amount of dexterity
which may have supported the choice of couched lance as it is easier. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirOfNUTEoESghPXnDhc7AYkBDZWwaqfjy_6qVCu4BtILYYJQYRHX3d-KOqpbllhfpcXtbLrmNbMNHy3-4cJbMjlA3wo8rJOx57XexfsfHGrkHt8WnfM9vyh9Z-pE8ce91P-Kdn8sDIWGfW/s1600/Spearhead_03.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirOfNUTEoESghPXnDhc7AYkBDZWwaqfjy_6qVCu4BtILYYJQYRHX3d-KOqpbllhfpcXtbLrmNbMNHy3-4cJbMjlA3wo8rJOx57XexfsfHGrkHt8WnfM9vyh9Z-pE8ce91P-Kdn8sDIWGfW/s1600/Spearhead_03.bmp" height="290" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">Sp-4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">The
grip on the shield is as depicted in some of those on the Tapestry with only
one rope or leather strap close to the top of the shield. In the Tapestry shown
above the shields held this way for the cavalry rotate with the wind and appear
to by flapping in the breeze. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1PBgAbkNWklwVPQVOtuD9_gFBKmsZ57u-brEfAWmRe56cytTqZcuN7QjX3V_p7eTevfueEQYdxmuZt34gzTnBdX13U6GJhKjnNV4UYL5U2p1rJtZsc5DiSfD90uT91ys6nThU_Rfn7CIU/s1600/Spearhead_04.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1PBgAbkNWklwVPQVOtuD9_gFBKmsZ57u-brEfAWmRe56cytTqZcuN7QjX3V_p7eTevfueEQYdxmuZt34gzTnBdX13U6GJhKjnNV4UYL5U2p1rJtZsc5DiSfD90uT91ys6nThU_Rfn7CIU/s1600/Spearhead_04.bmp" height="334" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Broom and mop handle verified</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sp-4</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold', sans-serif;">This
is a matter of wrapping the fingers under the spear, and using the thumb to
push the spear around at the same time as raising the right hand. This
minimizes and undue spear spinning which could be lethal, and ruin some buddy’s
whole day.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">The
knack of doing this right depends upon a lot of practice, particularly while
being jostled around. The infantry has
to do the rotation in close quarters about the second rank from the front. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";">There
may be other ways to do this, and it is something to look for in original
sources. As a matter of course, I find
art not of the period reflects what was current at the time the art was
rendered. Those in more modern times
like the 1800’s are limited by the lack of direct evidence or original sources.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Aquí termina</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="ES" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">la lección</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial Rounded MT Bold","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-8212668432007314672014-03-25T10:58:00.002-05:002015-09-14T19:25:29.698-05:00Crusade Era Combat & Murphy's Laws<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS1QBtSXj0IrFQXDYhBg99dwjZPlOQvDgZbYB1i30tRSdTWmnmNmOZoRy9z_t0PWIRh_4YGvWV5jyOJTjSd4HzCidP4GZCazq0VFz55EmOYIzdaUpk716pq-U86Nkr8NvOL9ytoVF-bh0b/s1600/murphy_00+Header.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS1QBtSXj0IrFQXDYhBg99dwjZPlOQvDgZbYB1i30tRSdTWmnmNmOZoRy9z_t0PWIRh_4YGvWV5jyOJTjSd4HzCidP4GZCazq0VFz55EmOYIzdaUpk716pq-U86Nkr8NvOL9ytoVF-bh0b/s1600/murphy_00+Header.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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I love the TV Series, “the Vikings” and a fan of all manner
of blades, spears, arrows, shields, helmets and horses in battle and duels of a
more personal face to face era of closed order close combat. Whether by Hollywood’s need for close in
action or by virtue of a lack of experience to recreate close order of battle,
Hollywood Combat wouldn’t last long back then, for a lack of knowledge of
“ergonomic combat” i.e. a fit between weapon and body versus the other guy’s
fit. In other words, one could get
killed wielding weaponry like in the flicks.
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaPRxpY_ujYBPeEFYCQmLlBSsGQQFLWek30_QKYLAkw3vII8QrYXFGlSAhpLi-PKJ_paBRvkjZFCqhifl-OSXX8Ye-HkxawhNQjSfePj_eygxzcOdhkT5MFnDNIzUFlXwBbzi8S1Cc0oHW/s1600/murphy_01+Senlac.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaPRxpY_ujYBPeEFYCQmLlBSsGQQFLWek30_QKYLAkw3vII8QrYXFGlSAhpLi-PKJ_paBRvkjZFCqhifl-OSXX8Ye-HkxawhNQjSfePj_eygxzcOdhkT5MFnDNIzUFlXwBbzi8S1Cc0oHW/s1600/murphy_01+Senlac.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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This is a proper shield wall from the Bayeux Tapestry of the
Invasion of England in 1066. Shields were
held in a “Norman Grip” to the left shoulder leaving both eyes to focus on the
enemy. Overlapping shields were a wall over which battle was joined. Spears held in a stabbing grip to stab over
the shields. The shield wall was
developed by the Vikings and remained the European default until Pike and Shot
made the shield obsolete by 1400. <o:p></o:p></div>
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This is not any variant of a Shield Wall, Viking or not<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">. One does not kneel before thine enemies!</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiT9Dsu3Nr85dZP9t6IefH4AYPxPKGUiFFhqUxYrjCPMu5lJFCFOP_HzjjRZni3dpiAsMG4D2q3kY7eoA8jz3xRjjFcYzFirN80EG2BE5b5c-vcS5uWZ87N_kinhA4KGEZdnVbSvwvgthQ/s1600/murphy_02+Crouch.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiT9Dsu3Nr85dZP9t6IefH4AYPxPKGUiFFhqUxYrjCPMu5lJFCFOP_HzjjRZni3dpiAsMG4D2q3kY7eoA8jz3xRjjFcYzFirN80EG2BE5b5c-vcS5uWZ87N_kinhA4KGEZdnVbSvwvgthQ/s1600/murphy_02+Crouch.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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Or attack with wide gaps to meet a real shield wall.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoTitle">
003</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh7Rrdf4c7gAieTABtxA-dJnI8XPLdYYPMJHxCENOkWQhQwLr0aOZj6yexsUKt-xqrW4TTs1XrcfHyd7UmExMeSERjj70_M-bUPDtBeksiccdIqZszadG-FYCYL94_A9unLmjhupZk7yXI/s1600/murphy_03+Run.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh7Rrdf4c7gAieTABtxA-dJnI8XPLdYYPMJHxCENOkWQhQwLr0aOZj6yexsUKt-xqrW4TTs1XrcfHyd7UmExMeSERjj70_M-bUPDtBeksiccdIqZszadG-FYCYL94_A9unLmjhupZk7yXI/s1600/murphy_03+Run.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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Close combat, as in the combatants were at arm’s length or a
few short steps away preceded the first rock and will continue until after the
last. Close order combat came to an
abrupt end in the First World War when it was no longer practical to be too
close to your buddy or be swept away in the next full burst of machine gun fire,
or exploding shell. Those that didn’t
get far enough apart, not less than five yards, were seriously killed or
wounded. Back in the days of close order combat, more than an elbow’s distance
left gaps too big to cover. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The Hollywood/Re-enactor paradigm on wielding shields (with
spear, axe and/or sword) is contrary to the Bayeux Tapestry shown above. Those mounted and dismounted on both sides,
hold the shield with what looks like an arm wrestle grip to the shoulder. Those on the ground in the shield walls
overlapped their shields and stab down over the wall of shields. This requires a left foot forward, with the right
arm stabbing at an angle like chopping wood.
And most importantly during the final delivery of the blow, is to have
the eyes on the “inside” (between the hands), and not with both hands on one
side or the other. With two handed
weapons, the eyes must look directly over the grip and at the target as in
“keep your eye on the ball”. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://templarmilitaris.blogspot.com/2013/07/open-battle-in-close-order-formation.html">http://templarmilitaris.blogspot.com/2013/07/open-battle-in-close-order-formation.html</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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004</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwBhicxoiztIdDBfQX078R0HP4s6Km16f456Lb43cI31uDS3Lc4xGD_rhfdXTMG4jLPJ92OEliTyfeFoJf4c2RBKEMUe2rTgPj-gHsG8DNC2uI5eN9u0hi1J7dWyaONvTGpkw_FA2lUUA3/s1600/murphy_04+Shieldwall.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwBhicxoiztIdDBfQX078R0HP4s6Km16f456Lb43cI31uDS3Lc4xGD_rhfdXTMG4jLPJ92OEliTyfeFoJf4c2RBKEMUe2rTgPj-gHsG8DNC2uI5eN9u0hi1J7dWyaONvTGpkw_FA2lUUA3/s1600/murphy_04+Shieldwall.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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But nothing is as neat as we would like them to be, hence:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">ANYTHING THAT CAN GO WRONG, WILL GO WRONG -<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> At the worst time and place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2jLilERyAvW6dz6NJmI-3igfAgWWFB2g-UHGh3cckKiNcvZdJ8UGZUZ4KAwIG3tUQnsrE0yojl4gvGni_hCAHVnLLTbh1cKLogTgbeXftFnSP-z-iBpgqe0e6wZ1IM6fOgL5yyGWz-WLp/s1600/murphy_05+WTF.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2jLilERyAvW6dz6NJmI-3igfAgWWFB2g-UHGh3cckKiNcvZdJ8UGZUZ4KAwIG3tUQnsrE0yojl4gvGni_hCAHVnLLTbh1cKLogTgbeXftFnSP-z-iBpgqe0e6wZ1IM6fOgL5yyGWz-WLp/s1600/murphy_05+WTF.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Startle Response,
Murphy’s Revenge</span></strong></div>
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Close Order battle requires strong cohesion as adhesion between
those in front, flank and rear. If that adhesion
weakens, the enemy will attack to broaden the breach and pile on. Once this happens, any one person who panics
often triggers a startle response in which the feet move first and the rest of
the formation scatters the formation like popcorn in a high wind. This is true in panics in public as in
burning restaurants, theaters, and in outside crowds on a startle response.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Consequently the decision to go to battle was carefully
considered, given Murphy’s Law, and the chances of an adverse startle
response. The planning for battle was
largely based on creating a startle response in the enemy force. Once more, into the breach!<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
006</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfIpJkF-2tZhx6ssAT46AZ1ZiSN1-6b_HKdQn6o4lnXVMy6yOLrPYmxB-PdeMq1rMjfNO5zUgOys56Xx-XDY73aFNjf0eKUC_0CpTOcwvYahyphenhyphenv-usx81MsqUJALB4Ibxx3AxkiYwsdRuiV/s1600/murphy_06+Startle.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfIpJkF-2tZhx6ssAT46AZ1ZiSN1-6b_HKdQn6o4lnXVMy6yOLrPYmxB-PdeMq1rMjfNO5zUgOys56Xx-XDY73aFNjf0eKUC_0CpTOcwvYahyphenhyphenv-usx81MsqUJALB4Ibxx3AxkiYwsdRuiV/s1600/murphy_06+Startle.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="http://people.howstuffworks.com/murphys-law4.htm">http://people.howstuffworks.com/murphys-law4.htm</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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The Startle Response (Panic) can be replicated in training,
as one of my Commanders did when I was a squad leader. The company was deployed on the military
crest of a low hill, when it was attacked by the First Sergeant yelling like
fury. One soldier leaped to his feet,
tossed his rifle and fled, and the one next to him followed suit. The company
scattered like popcorn in a high wind.
The gimmick: the one who yelled was in on it, the guy next was told to
follow suit, and a hundred others fled.
After recovery, the CO taught us what panic feels like, what to do and
what not to do. I have repeated this drill over the next twenty five years for
the same reasons, and the same effect.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A “Tipping Point” is different from a “Startle Response”
although the results may look the same. A Tipping Point is the result of a
process of increasing pressure, while the Startle Response can occur in an
instance regardless of how well the rest of the formation is doing. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
007</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizHsjPRokcsHHBpq6PYktAYBGi385SWJY5EtKzm6SAObF3wMxCKEcEL2QUP_yG8VXbePhH5XyDDcfak4AQDTJvKOhJgeS1P4-2Le7KWwi9onaQGeYXxNEmXR9qZm4no4Uuj_n60B91AtUW/s1600/murphy_07+Pickett.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizHsjPRokcsHHBpq6PYktAYBGi385SWJY5EtKzm6SAObF3wMxCKEcEL2QUP_yG8VXbePhH5XyDDcfak4AQDTJvKOhJgeS1P4-2Le7KWwi9onaQGeYXxNEmXR9qZm4no4Uuj_n60B91AtUW/s1600/murphy_07+Pickett.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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Pickett’s Charge at
Gettysburg was like a Tipping Point where deadly fires from Union rifle and
gunfire progressively reduced Confederate offensive power to the Tipping Point
led to a withdrawal under fire. The
Startle Response can be attributed to Stonewall Jackson’s flank attack (in a
mile across wall of infantry) at the Battle of Chancellorsville (May 2, 1863) on
the far right flank of Hooker’s Army after marching across the “nose” of the
Union penetration south of the Rappahannock River. One is a build-up, the other is a surprise,
although a Tip leads to Panic.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Biology of Panic<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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The Biology of Panic follows two paths in the brain to the
switchboard of the Amygdala, Smell and Audio-Visual, which produces chemical
changes to make things happen or not.
Training can reroute the stimulus to learned responses without the
intervening inconvenience of thinking about it.
Using a multi-sensory battle simulation works best when Smell
(olfactory) is added to Audio-Visual.
Smell is the oldest of senses and is routed through the Thalamus to
activate the Limbic System while Audio-Visual is routed through the
Hypothalamus which goes to the Cortex both by way of the Amygdala. Smell (Stink) produces action without
reflection. So, in order for training to
Stick, It Must Stink, however slight.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
008</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6unLjGLfBXEgO75YpBtmffl0fYI-xJ1I76AY5be0Mwx5inb4bj2lb1uTtXImrvtUuFz0Rh_aSMQRPDkdcPciMRVL8zv_kBfoOx1ED6PpKfpq0o1PZVHqut7Bz3B-qDqxQIGbTu3WPtAy/s1600/murphy_08+Stink.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6unLjGLfBXEgO75YpBtmffl0fYI-xJ1I76AY5be0Mwx5inb4bj2lb1uTtXImrvtUuFz0Rh_aSMQRPDkdcPciMRVL8zv_kBfoOx1ED6PpKfpq0o1PZVHqut7Bz3B-qDqxQIGbTu3WPtAy/s1600/murphy_08+Stink.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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Fear Stinks and unsticks the cohesion of a startled or
tipped unit. We know that animals can
sense fear, and in Vietnam, US soap on US GI’s could be smelled by the VC,
likewise so could “Nguc Mam” (a fermented fish sauce) by the GI. The effect of female pheromones on the human
male is not identifiable as a smell, but reacts predictably, so is the reverse
effect of the sweaty male on females. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The nose knows.</span></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thunder and Lightning (Audio
Visual</span></strong>)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As sudden Audio-Visual effect such as a bolt of lightning,
or incoming round can be routed by the Amygdala to activate autonomic responses
(panic). I have seen this work in
opposite directions while stationed at Ft Huachuca at the Intelligence School
as an Imagery Interpreter. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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The Sonic Boom. I had been back from Vietnam about two
years, the rest of my starting class had been back less than that. Ft Huachuca
is next to the Mexican border where the FB-111 fighter-bomber was allowed to go
supersonic. The double bang of the supersonic shock wave sounds just like
incoming rounds. Bang-bang and half the
class was on the floor before the second bang.
The other case was no reaction at all when an ammo train blew up by I-10
near Benson, AZ.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
009<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNLpeW5nvnoocfhNV15WGHmMymJ2QTyYUn9GxAwfnS2ddxZeW_oiHImF9HsCayw9U_hdypx4KXWx1VLjxxRAxCLYxNj0Z-ZuMBo7tjHr3INkHKAByJxkjeDmdrPVrcM-Eel5kREFO7f_te/s1600/murphy_09+NOE.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNLpeW5nvnoocfhNV15WGHmMymJ2QTyYUn9GxAwfnS2ddxZeW_oiHImF9HsCayw9U_hdypx4KXWx1VLjxxRAxCLYxNj0Z-ZuMBo7tjHr3INkHKAByJxkjeDmdrPVrcM-Eel5kREFO7f_te/s1600/murphy_09+NOE.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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Look and Listen before action even automatically, or
immediately after. Once fear is on the wind, defense is provided by monitoring
and comparing the sense of fear versus what can be seen and heard, objectively. Such was the case of Crusader Shield Walls
defending against charging cavalry which audio-visually is terrifying, but once
trained the mind can set aside the sense of fear and focus on tactics,
techniques and procedures. That is also
what the psychological effects of shock effect of tanks is<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Relaxation Response,
Qiqong, and the Berserker<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Another defense against the dark side of panic is to ignore it, bypass
it, and let the body to the fighting leaving the mind for casual strategic
analysis. It has many names, but all
depend upon controlling breathing from short and upper to long breaths and
lower. We do this every day during
commuting time by whatever conveyance is at hand. One does not get into a conscious rational
internal debate over what angle and direction the steering wheel, gas pedal and
the inter-vehicular spacing should be except when a strategic decision is
required. When one does get excited, the
effective control of the vehicle takes more energy than just cruising. Consequently when excitement tends to take
over the automatic learned responses, the remedy is to calm down, and that is
called “taking a deep breath”. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">010</span></strong></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim8U_QKreFAJmz73PzWMvIp7FjY1wljC8D7FaYqn_uhiWCX_YFiPZOKwxqW-n0tdFrhPtCFWslCHKpOfn-nOPa0pd5lxMX0Um2Skgx9Ms12iZcs29dvHwckD7f71DS9_ArsJ_WcnwDyDCj/s1600/murphy_10+Relax.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim8U_QKreFAJmz73PzWMvIp7FjY1wljC8D7FaYqn_uhiWCX_YFiPZOKwxqW-n0tdFrhPtCFWslCHKpOfn-nOPa0pd5lxMX0Um2Skgx9Ms12iZcs29dvHwckD7f71DS9_ArsJ_WcnwDyDCj/s1600/murphy_10+Relax.bmp" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<strong><o:p></o:p></strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In combat’s sharp edge, regardless of boot, track or hoof mounted, under
stress, the internal stabilization mechanism narrows the field of view,
shortens the breath denying the brain of oxygen, tightens up muscle responses
and focuses the active part of the brain on specifics and not the strategic
bigger picture. And when hit, it hurts
more than in relaxed mode. The trick is deep breathing, visualizing and shutting
down the mind chatter. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is called “Zazen breathing” also called “Mushin”, (no mind) in
Japanese Martial Arts derived from Indian and Chinese models. It is also called the Relaxation Response in
Bio-feedback, the Zone in athletics, the Lozanoff technique for learning
foreign languages at UH Houston, Qiqong in Chinese Medicine and martial arts,
but does not affect physical items like “The Force” in Star Wars”<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Viking Berserker is said to have gone into a state of madness, when
such would have prevented him from effective fighting. The state of relaxation of the mind, and
quieting mental chatter, allowed the Berserker to fully maximize his physical
strength, minimize tension, and let the trained body to do the fighting while
remaining in a quiet state of mind. The
true martial artist calms down in order to fight, instead of the hopped up
state so dramatic in storytelling. Bruce Lee did no one any favors by his
scowling noisy self while Steven Segal, an Aikido Grandmaster, stays calm while
demonstrating. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A trained knight or warrior stays alive on these principles, or dies
without them.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Body, Armor and Acupressure <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As it is in medical advances down through the ages, war
brings out the greatest advances.
Chinese Traditional Medicine (TCM) was learned from battle savvy
warriors who had learned that hitting, rubbing or pushing on certain parts of
the body had some singular advantages.
This included disabling and joint, producing weakness and knock outs. In traditional Professional Street fighting
in urban financial protections and entertainment industries, debt collection
was facilitated by a “clip to the back of the jaw” or in the Ring a knock out
could be produced with a cross to the jaw.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKrryoGCw54&list=TL7XZ8kCvxkYAxNDA5MjAxNQ" target="_blank">Pressure Point Knockouts</a><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The West did not learn of the meridians, the yin-yang dichotomy,
and the five elements until after the Korean War and by virtue of immigrating
Orientals and returning US troops lead by Grandmaster George Dillman, 9<sup>th</sup>
Degree Black Belt Ryukyo Kempo (Okinawa).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dillman">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dillman</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the other hand, neither did the West start to learn about
the nervous and circulatory system until Da Vinci’s ideas began to sink
in. While there was considerable
interchange of knowledge between East, Middle East and West during the Crusade
Era, but a premature exposition of said knowledge was often treated with an
Auto-da-fe or axe. That may have been a
contributing factor in the machinations leading to the Burning.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
011</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmwk1scKweBc4kD-RnR1ZJxKpIo0-6SbLk69kkKBuhOT21sYc9seyejBquWMgQPZlXZ-wOIq1FeTyoQpNak5UtZLAMmMngTj5ytYaeDaD5zY-ZU391j2vwDPsspu20eN9wRh1VZGkf-SE/s1600/murphy_11+Fire-Metal.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmwk1scKweBc4kD-RnR1ZJxKpIo0-6SbLk69kkKBuhOT21sYc9seyejBquWMgQPZlXZ-wOIq1FeTyoQpNak5UtZLAMmMngTj5ytYaeDaD5zY-ZU391j2vwDPsspu20eN9wRh1VZGkf-SE/s1600/murphy_11+Fire-Metal.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In broad terms, the illustrations with the colored lines and
dots are replication of the locations of the Meridians color coded by their
respective “element” as used in <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the Cycle of Destruction
(FIRE burns METAL cuts WOOD penetrates the EARTJ dams WATER puts out FIRE).</span></strong> The location of the Points on the Meridians
is normally where a <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">nerve comes to an end,
crosses or forks. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><u>In order to work the pressure points must be in the order, angle and
sequences and may involve a push, a hit, or a rub depending on the specific
sequences. </u> The angle and directions
required are contained in the prescribed forms, or kata used by any of the
Oriental Martial Arts. In the Medieval images I have found one or two points
being used to facilitate the collapse of an opponent’s ability to fight.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">012</span></strong></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfJIeMGf5_cCa81aVJcKzq1yH8swrjNgaKmqcyWoYEPMDBj1riASuHEMDgTwuH4ZFHtVkrdZKJyTd8xNuVXVVw4u78x9Ba_tbJf9JEjz-619OfjhNYIIsiM1kAbScqAgL5SNfzyJd0Zv0v/s1600/murphy_12+TCM+Dill.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfJIeMGf5_cCa81aVJcKzq1yH8swrjNgaKmqcyWoYEPMDBj1riASuHEMDgTwuH4ZFHtVkrdZKJyTd8xNuVXVVw4u78x9Ba_tbJf9JEjz-619OfjhNYIIsiM1kAbScqAgL5SNfzyJd0Zv0v/s1600/murphy_12+TCM+Dill.bmp" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<strong><o:p></o:p></strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is the chart I used from Grandmaster George Dillman, the first 9<sup>th</sup>
Degree Black Belt to be made privy to that which had been kept secret by the
Okinawan masters of connection of the Martial Arts to Chinese Medicine. It has
many names such as Pressure Point Fighting, Tuite, and Torite. While the Medieval soldier did not know of
the system in any form, the images and training manuals from later medieval
times clearly show they knew how to use some of them.<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">013<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUOWIeLYo3U1nH4uNOHndVOSPdQIMV8CLMkfwbzQOiQEIb1c0iQPcLZIYSh_kpzP2BL1yKvCwR4JvpuMSWE8-Uwzkja-yYQ057S7Np7tQQ-vNBNKCUoiVLnJIa51zfqf23UzJZXxlossbK/s1600/murphy_13+Wallenstein.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUOWIeLYo3U1nH4uNOHndVOSPdQIMV8CLMkfwbzQOiQEIb1c0iQPcLZIYSh_kpzP2BL1yKvCwR4JvpuMSWE8-Uwzkja-yYQ057S7Np7tQQ-vNBNKCUoiVLnJIa51zfqf23UzJZXxlossbK/s1600/murphy_13+Wallenstein.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The student of the fighting arts or styles of any kind or time, can
understand what the reasons for some moves that did not make sense in the sense
of smash, grab, break, punch or kick went places not worth the treatment. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Defensive Armor and
Acupoints. </span></strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Likewise in the history of combat down through the ages,
armor protection has been developed specifically if not consciously to protect
against the most sensitive of pressure points. These include greaves, gloves,
arm guard, and helmets.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
014</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJvfh-oHHmBH0iF3fUSB4N8tjXEbwQ1j25VF1kuQjAd9GS8Rqr4AGzu8i904HnXQXqEh_MmlyAySm5XNxJjtlzsg_sRmfD-ZxFa8lfmR4Fv8EshvzNYVIbEH-clC24GgjGGBIEnNmKcCjE/s1600/murphy_14+Saxon.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJvfh-oHHmBH0iF3fUSB4N8tjXEbwQ1j25VF1kuQjAd9GS8Rqr4AGzu8i904HnXQXqEh_MmlyAySm5XNxJjtlzsg_sRmfD-ZxFa8lfmR4Fv8EshvzNYVIbEH-clC24GgjGGBIEnNmKcCjE/s1600/murphy_14+Saxon.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoTitle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>The Body Knows</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The dome of the skull is normally the first order of
protection, and that today includes any sort of hat. Then any protection that
protects the forearm, and shin (by extension the hand and foot) against any
hit, push, or rub that releases the joints or confuses the head (eyes, ears,
and brain).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
015<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></strong></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIU0rsqVcXz-QFNh_VOgmD-t9Z1UfskK9jWNM6djPMvb2s6xxY8Wi2CJ3WvgJ2XarBBeQP9ahhOG2CuMi2XIH__B7-PJ59mPGeqa6gzLPiHcxxE7QzqGBHr5qyi47pQCpz1hCY1idVxXpr/s1600/murphy_15+Fire+-Wood.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIU0rsqVcXz-QFNh_VOgmD-t9Z1UfskK9jWNM6djPMvb2s6xxY8Wi2CJ3WvgJ2XarBBeQP9ahhOG2CuMi2XIH__B7-PJ59mPGeqa6gzLPiHcxxE7QzqGBHr5qyi47pQCpz1hCY1idVxXpr/s1600/murphy_15+Fire+-Wood.bmp" width="640" /></a></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Melee Not<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The ever so popular melee on screen increases the “Murphy
Factor” and the results become unpredictable.
The sight of one person moving away from the battlefield can trigger the
panic by virtue of tipping or startle which are the handmaidens of Murphy’s
Law. A major percentage of the time
spent by opposing forces was in shouting matches and combats between
champions. Such was the case at the
battle of Yarmouk between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate
in 15-20 August 636 southeast of the Sea of Galilei. The battle is considered on the short list of
decisive battles as it ended Roman (Christian) dominance of the Levant until
the Crusades. There were several days of
taunting and champion combat until the cohesion of the Roman formation left too
many gaps and not enough maneuver room.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoTitle">
016<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6Q6Md9JLVYkcAShNGFc0vkR-qWLFl8DeQU9ZNd3tgJuFu10Fsw_nbZLTAMMAG5_rVmfrEPnGv0gVDSr7AYxDeAJGEOyt5wICa1JyBOuhDCLyh3DbZah492Qz3fmQibytiABf8cheWdx6/s1600/murphy_16+Yarmouk.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6Q6Md9JLVYkcAShNGFc0vkR-qWLFl8DeQU9ZNd3tgJuFu10Fsw_nbZLTAMMAG5_rVmfrEPnGv0gVDSr7AYxDeAJGEOyt5wICa1JyBOuhDCLyh3DbZah492Qz3fmQibytiABf8cheWdx6/s1600/murphy_16+Yarmouk.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Military planning and leadership on the battlefield, then
and now, is to defeat Murphy’s Laws with forces in reserve, contingency
planning, redundant communications and the whole of military science and
art. The timing of the commitment of a
reserve is critical, too early gives the initiative to the enemy, too late the
initiative stays with the enemy. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Training, training, good doctrine, equipment and leadership<sup>2
</sup>if not focused on actions in confused situations absent information, and
misguided instructions, is an open invitation to Murphy’s Laws. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hometown Battle Drill<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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Defense against Murphy usually is encoded into the local
customs of combat which often were highly specialized as archers (Welsh
Longbow), crossbow (Genoa), light cavalry (Poland and the Balkans), pike
(Swiss), two handed axe (Varangian-Swedes) and the Shield Wall (from the
Vikings to the Crusaders). In today’s
parlance we use the terms doctrine, SOP, principles, procedures, and the
current US Army TTP (tactics. Techniques, and procedures). In order to fight effectively including
sophisticated maneuvers such as a passage of lines clearly indicates a common
“understanding” that functioned like modern doctrine.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In Medieval times, change came slower as local customs,
values, beliefs, behaviors and norms were embedded in the body of the local
society. What produced superb warriors in one century produced targets in
another. The knowledge was passed down
in oral and in child raising and was impervious to change until literacy
interfered. Then the pace of change can
occur in hours where centuries were required in the past. The legendary unit
cohesion of US National Guard units is tied to community and traditions of long
standing.<o:p></o:p></div>
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017<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_OmtcrLLjlKJuk6J-TcIfuj9eBuGqZnhGGAhWKh5jRqq4wqHQUu6Whm_B5mczVmlDTtTbEFvzLtCpMcSrI-gmwHRXt58Ugy526BExsZlKt2afpvAbX_Xq1eRfpN70MnLcO9dm4B416ZSJ/s1600/murphy_17+TR.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_OmtcrLLjlKJuk6J-TcIfuj9eBuGqZnhGGAhWKh5jRqq4wqHQUu6Whm_B5mczVmlDTtTbEFvzLtCpMcSrI-gmwHRXt58Ugy526BExsZlKt2afpvAbX_Xq1eRfpN70MnLcO9dm4B416ZSJ/s1600/murphy_17+TR.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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Included in the “doctrine” according the custom, were the
formations, command, and signal such as by rank, file, and signals (pennon,
flag, distinctive uniform appendages, music) and leadership from the front). <o:p></o:p></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Medieval Doctrine?<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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A common understanding (similar to doctrine, and TTP)
existed in medieval combined arms and joint forces, logistics and deployment
for combat is evident in medieval combat, particularly in the better trained
units. Yet these are not written down
anywhere, nor do many remember what was done, as the latest thing blows the old
away. That these existed is evidenced
by the sophistication of the march under Richard the Lion Hearted from Acre to
Jaffa including the victory at Arsuf on September 7, 1191 AD. </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ordinarily Shield Walls did not move, yet in the march from
Acre to Arsuf, the shield walls shuffled along absorbing swarms of the rapid
firing low velocity arrows of Saracen and Nubian forces under Saladin. This protected the horses of the heavy
cavalry from arrows, which now protruded from the infantry’s protective armor
and padding. When the Knights of the
Hospital attacked the tormenting Ayyubid archers, Richard called for the
Cavalry to charge, but to do so, had to do what is called today is a “passage”
of lines and is considered the most difficult maneuver in modern times,
especially when there is a passage from the enemy side. </div>
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The Crusade Era infantry could do both.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="LA" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Victorian LET"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: LA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Finem</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="LA" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Victorian LET"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: LA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="LA" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Victorian LET"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: LA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">de</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="LA" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Victorian LET"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: LA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="LA" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Victorian LET"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: LA; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Léctio</span></span><span style="font-family: "Victorian LET"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-89413936794680874382013-10-27T23:32:00.000-05:002013-10-27T23:32:44.185-05:00Greek Battle on Mount Tamaulipas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4-ZQYeZJmcEXKbzXJmR-Hm0Wb1DCTiQ0UPT2SsSNL244Z_Di9-NPSWdHckWLo5z-qW4gOVj4rDH-lNntaymccqfybUxxVqwpkFUrl9zL7SP5L3OZQ0Jfy6IzJfMXTKvUHCYLidi9P48BE/s1600/Greek_00Header.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4-ZQYeZJmcEXKbzXJmR-Hm0Wb1DCTiQ0UPT2SsSNL244Z_Di9-NPSWdHckWLo5z-qW4gOVj4rDH-lNntaymccqfybUxxVqwpkFUrl9zL7SP5L3OZQ0Jfy6IzJfMXTKvUHCYLidi9P48BE/s640/Greek_00Header.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is also a riddle. Where do the warriors com from</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<!--[if supportFields]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>DATE \@ "MMMM d, yyyy" <span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">October 27, 2013</span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:107%'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Greek
Hoplite and Phalanx<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The shield
wall developed in the West from Viking beginnings had counter parts in earlier
times, that of the Roman Legion and the Greek Phalanx. Depicted above are two Greeks at the Battle
of Mount Tamaulipas. The Greek Phalanx
was superseded by the Macedonian Phalanx featuring a long pike and losing the
Hoplon (round shield above). The highly
flexible Roman Legion were equipped with a spear that could be thrown or held,
and square shield curved outward plus helmet and body armor.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHqwW1hPbq7ejmUk4godFzp-bHhlYbu69b7ZTwNF1kt-htDsEA1iRFfQAjftWrOtF0U-JbP7ypdfmNpX-reNgwosvi5GaN6wfqn8PjK840Sv1VrPd2odxfAWKxVf-C9EZUbHyzqVTHs6z8/s1600/Greek_01.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHqwW1hPbq7ejmUk4godFzp-bHhlYbu69b7ZTwNF1kt-htDsEA1iRFfQAjftWrOtF0U-JbP7ypdfmNpX-reNgwosvi5GaN6wfqn8PjK840Sv1VrPd2odxfAWKxVf-C9EZUbHyzqVTHs6z8/s640/Greek_01.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Greek
Hoplite carried a heavy convex round shield called the Hoplon, a spear, a
Corinthian helmet , greaves for the shin and bracers for the forearms. And that was all they wore in the earlier
days, later they added a breast plate and protection for the shoulders and
thighs. The images in this issue of
Templar Militaris a loin cloth was added for the demure.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaqyK2DACeeU4cO7YFwtc75ZVkinDzfZEeWEydgh4wotR9S8ZTk8t5Ewcg3L2BVYCowSV3RRCMw5CBUV9ot1uefslyGUSxCWLcsfFBYc39Ljqr52E73qYeh1dG0lQD40VXCsj72ekabMe0/s1600/Greek_02.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaqyK2DACeeU4cO7YFwtc75ZVkinDzfZEeWEydgh4wotR9S8ZTk8t5Ewcg3L2BVYCowSV3RRCMw5CBUV9ot1uefslyGUSxCWLcsfFBYc39Ljqr52E73qYeh1dG0lQD40VXCsj72ekabMe0/s640/Greek_02.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">In these
images of one particular moment in time where both warriors are a half step
from effective stabbing distance. Each
has the same equipment and the poses are the same except for where the spears
are aimed, eyes ball and the other balls.
The grip on the shield is extended down and toward the threat with the
arms held straight which we might call the Straight Greek Grip. This grip also allows the warrior to adapt a
Clench or Strong Grip found in the Shield Wall of the Time of the Temple. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_YoAvljGgjiN0RqKHhch_qdDHmczapi8zl7bcG8QmBe2TFkBLROgneJI7nPaWLgmwc3REmgXbRevufVtGVFA5KEAu18TaWz1D6NdTKjEgv1Xrwb8cyzcTmjqhCCEKsnXiBKGtmWRQ0BFE/s1600/Greek_04.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_YoAvljGgjiN0RqKHhch_qdDHmczapi8zl7bcG8QmBe2TFkBLROgneJI7nPaWLgmwc3REmgXbRevufVtGVFA5KEAu18TaWz1D6NdTKjEgv1Xrwb8cyzcTmjqhCCEKsnXiBKGtmWRQ0BFE/s640/Greek_04.bmp" width="640" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFo1AXUH0_WL78qqG18aZ_ivgVZQGLN-vtz94qQeLon79J-rwTIAAwtxHpef4GyeudKEELQEsqAAm1-Db4IaDHsJ32uvXGFFZ6lRpeI24EX1dlXfy3E9vDSB87TNDzq_hne-ObgKFuUL6R/s1600/Greek_05.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFo1AXUH0_WL78qqG18aZ_ivgVZQGLN-vtz94qQeLon79J-rwTIAAwtxHpef4GyeudKEELQEsqAAm1-Db4IaDHsJ32uvXGFFZ6lRpeI24EX1dlXfy3E9vDSB87TNDzq_hne-ObgKFuUL6R/s640/Greek_05.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note the red square which shows the straight Greek grip on the shield</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL44vnfNNp6DreZ_ptdYlV8LotLPTxvn-jYm-MrH4Hrj2b8dh55dzPzh54Gl3es72AjhDWMqeAexsPWZ3aard8GaVDvpg1mG1SLtzLem_W9laHA5H1ZrXwyzioTtWVBKPmzdfkNpX1S4uj/s1600/Greek_06.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL44vnfNNp6DreZ_ptdYlV8LotLPTxvn-jYm-MrH4Hrj2b8dh55dzPzh54Gl3es72AjhDWMqeAexsPWZ3aard8GaVDvpg1mG1SLtzLem_W9laHA5H1ZrXwyzioTtWVBKPmzdfkNpX1S4uj/s640/Greek_06.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Camera placed directly under duel and shows the straight arm grip by both warriors</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLqarHjKi_EjOWYtJo7zUU6jtNBAV0tEmsUOR9fvSfvAET5_Kh-ZCyvOlNDAoOT8lsBLAzWae7kNFb1WoZxuqtLYCHWaPl0Wgb9KRBJaXnutuWSuJlWELjRtsWvbxTxwef5CrGDYGaXvA4/s1600/Greek_06A.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLqarHjKi_EjOWYtJo7zUU6jtNBAV0tEmsUOR9fvSfvAET5_Kh-ZCyvOlNDAoOT8lsBLAzWae7kNFb1WoZxuqtLYCHWaPl0Wgb9KRBJaXnutuWSuJlWELjRtsWvbxTxwef5CrGDYGaXvA4/s640/Greek_06A.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image labeled as Iliad shows both warriors with Greek straight arm grip </td></tr>
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</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2HurAo4mqMex_vdAciXZNVqEPlfUa-R98vS1WbhOuzHpjKV-4TehOOhB7W60aF48wCc6pTk2Nitf0VR9rf1I1LwMkiNWdBARYQabyrvM8QjZQXgX1w6biAIWz_s4I9iFcM5LB1kowW-77/s1600/Greek_07.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2HurAo4mqMex_vdAciXZNVqEPlfUa-R98vS1WbhOuzHpjKV-4TehOOhB7W60aF48wCc6pTk2Nitf0VR9rf1I1LwMkiNWdBARYQabyrvM8QjZQXgX1w6biAIWz_s4I9iFcM5LB1kowW-77/s640/Greek_07.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">There is a long and tough relationship between the two communities</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqSzH1ajS5FWAUAMoDnGOzXZP7C-bmcSuy4yQXWKzmwDh4ltB-lZFxfxNG1CruJT5D59CdW6y_bfXxK-XhuZvtUFWaKFNcL-2xfs7bZaimhyhv9IQmMgC4LHKDZLpN-oq1IwvvAs_DhoA5/s1600/Greek_08.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqSzH1ajS5FWAUAMoDnGOzXZP7C-bmcSuy4yQXWKzmwDh4ltB-lZFxfxNG1CruJT5D59CdW6y_bfXxK-XhuZvtUFWaKFNcL-2xfs7bZaimhyhv9IQmMgC4LHKDZLpN-oq1IwvvAs_DhoA5/s640/Greek_08.bmp" width="640" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyF01b86y2qTbFhZ_J8ulxYLXUOX7SdnmmHKA0kUtv_nGpQ4_xOpqd9Pmg5g3BiYt2IiLJ3dxcpXQZI4w6elClHLfgHj9c7q4l9pUEEGxkwbEuvRXyV5r0SVa83g0c5BGn6v-s-aOd31WY/s1600/Greek_09.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyF01b86y2qTbFhZ_J8ulxYLXUOX7SdnmmHKA0kUtv_nGpQ4_xOpqd9Pmg5g3BiYt2IiLJ3dxcpXQZI4w6elClHLfgHj9c7q4l9pUEEGxkwbEuvRXyV5r0SVa83g0c5BGn6v-s-aOd31WY/s640/Greek_09.bmp" width="640" /></a></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJS-W5BXU__r2Bgl2dINpMLqUTn-q13z3cAY65vCzbPfcn-4_YpDEt8tL4SihNiolJeVVWFvArt8snDSLtJBuovFHZ4FDIcvZYx0dzEmt-03QD7xinYEO-Ukg2Gfl22YTUamvGJTx_gwuI/s1600/Greek_10.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJS-W5BXU__r2Bgl2dINpMLqUTn-q13z3cAY65vCzbPfcn-4_YpDEt8tL4SihNiolJeVVWFvArt8snDSLtJBuovFHZ4FDIcvZYx0dzEmt-03QD7xinYEO-Ukg2Gfl22YTUamvGJTx_gwuI/s640/Greek_10.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7pdv4ou3Y7r-b6az9QLIGtymyk8MtccL8QlePYjqT3KKUwdzpdrEnTZtwUNe_PO7LUXPJK5RVhywmaa6cQFA4zYy1CBPMFNZR65ZzLzQmtoih1TdRpiLpMVR2hqtOWxbBhb0O9fwx-IMS/s1600/Greek_11.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7pdv4ou3Y7r-b6az9QLIGtymyk8MtccL8QlePYjqT3KKUwdzpdrEnTZtwUNe_PO7LUXPJK5RVhywmaa6cQFA4zYy1CBPMFNZR65ZzLzQmtoih1TdRpiLpMVR2hqtOWxbBhb0O9fwx-IMS/s640/Greek_11.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The crouch kills any chance of movement forward or back, and the couched spear has no power from the seated position</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRYkJVt-K5o2syeB_IJxQL8hgFAmoX48EgAWvizZpwQjirh9Cgjiuk60AdNBJnwBWR0fc1s4QRIg0Qtr64-E56QDTUke4Oi-mO23fA4nuX9rhXr2UaE5dHqfFL49CbKGu0dngHTOewInJV/s1600/Greek_12a.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRYkJVt-K5o2syeB_IJxQL8hgFAmoX48EgAWvizZpwQjirh9Cgjiuk60AdNBJnwBWR0fc1s4QRIg0Qtr64-E56QDTUke4Oi-mO23fA4nuX9rhXr2UaE5dHqfFL49CbKGu0dngHTOewInJV/s640/Greek_12a.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In this case the Persian has both hands on one side of his eyeline (nose) which weakens both arms and balance. :Leonidas is carrying his spear too low for full torque and his shield would do better in the straight or clenched grip. If so the Persian would go alpha over teakettle on collision.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBB75d9_fNDoRyyN4PKa584pqzXhIkXyIwH3-P2Rr0hOe7IoF8Ntth-opYmi3Dm7oKTlHfanUOA8-hH99_O7uJ9roCfwpv3Pwqiqjsgc6l3YqPVN55woEr0ly9cOidG-pmtCL3rlDRkDfW/s1600/Untitled+-+12.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="372" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBB75d9_fNDoRyyN4PKa584pqzXhIkXyIwH3-P2Rr0hOe7IoF8Ntth-opYmi3Dm7oKTlHfanUOA8-hH99_O7uJ9roCfwpv3Pwqiqjsgc6l3YqPVN55woEr0ly9cOidG-pmtCL3rlDRkDfW/s640/Untitled+-+12.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From a wooden frieze showing the warrior on the left using his leverage to push the other's shield to cross the other's hands on the same side of the eyeline</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
historical record of original drawings and art of the time shows the “Greek” grip
even into Roman Times<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">To
follow: The Medieval Hand at War<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bear Fight
by Gordon S Fowkes.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-8915213982155228272013-10-06T21:58:00.000-05:002013-10-06T21:58:24.911-05:00THE TEMPLE AND THE TACTICAL IMPERATIVE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQwqFMoIi6vPsJRaI8VyLicrZ4vkeJVrQQCEpI9CYFnm5FLokiIhcnzbwnUGGvzPRdgPFPBQy9MfctUe2-hRNhR8Ho6ybsscQr9tRwm18Bt14unLEg36freuWqxi-8X3zze2MBgB0XYVL4/s1600/Imp_000.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQwqFMoIi6vPsJRaI8VyLicrZ4vkeJVrQQCEpI9CYFnm5FLokiIhcnzbwnUGGvzPRdgPFPBQy9MfctUe2-hRNhR8Ho6ybsscQr9tRwm18Bt14unLEg36freuWqxi-8X3zze2MBgB0XYVL4/s640/Imp_000.bmp" width="640" /></b></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Temple and the Tactical Imperative</span>.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>The Shield Wall was an infantry formation unique to Western
Medieval forces of the Crusade Era and to the Roman Republican and Imperial
infantry. The shields of the Shield
Wall were heavy and large to protect the spearman and the gap between another
whose offensive firepower was delivered over the shield. The primary grip was close to the top and
horizontally so that the weight of the shield was carried by the left shoulder
by the left arm in a tight “Strong Arm” grip. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgYvy6FJOXT-bKNqnzZ2Yu9VGvFUxnA-kGYDOroe5uYFdc7fmVpD5e8ze_5Evybj-F8xFIuy7L17LpClbdpLrG6k2pKids1iD4rAscw8dOu3YHaecKY5OXIy7WOig_a0k0IpJ9W_JdGvDt/s1600/Imp_002.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgYvy6FJOXT-bKNqnzZ2Yu9VGvFUxnA-kGYDOroe5uYFdc7fmVpD5e8ze_5Evybj-F8xFIuy7L17LpClbdpLrG6k2pKids1iD4rAscw8dOu3YHaecKY5OXIy7WOig_a0k0IpJ9W_JdGvDt/s640/Imp_002.bmp" width="640" /></a></b><div class="MsoNormal">
<b> Absorb. The tactical
imperative used in by the defense against the Fist (warhead, blade, blunt end)
is to absorb the shock or dissipate it. This also applies to castle walls and fox
holes. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>The “Strong Arm” grip held close to the shoulder also is
reflected on the placement of grips on the shields themselves. At least one horizontal grip or handle is
placed close to the upper edge of the shield and sometimes another horizontal
handle across the forearm nearer to the center of the shield depending on size.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GCaxb-SObA">Click Here On Battle at Hastings (14:50)</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b>The Shield Wall as the name states is a wall that doesn’t or
shouldn’t move. This would risk a gap in the front ranks which
is a very bad thing to happen to the infantry.
Once the overlapping shields expose the fighters behind, they become
vulnerable. The English (Anglo-Saxon)
shield wall stood on Senlac Hill for twelve hours before the wall was cracked
by a Saxon contingent that thought it was Plunder Time and went after some
Normans moving to reorganize, reform, and return. Some say this was a feint, and perhaps it
was.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdUADEP_CPes8k6c2Ma3ecvLEApFqaVQZCMV255xb9Nu7s-bwjsF2h49P-qUyUtdiF7pXwIBwb7QcQOeXPJPTRFkITCXP76iqrcklHb9xgHI4nPDGOMKeAOiYFjO-8IbMpCgGl36Hiva7Z/s1600/Imp_003.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdUADEP_CPes8k6c2Ma3ecvLEApFqaVQZCMV255xb9Nu7s-bwjsF2h49P-qUyUtdiF7pXwIBwb7QcQOeXPJPTRFkITCXP76iqrcklHb9xgHI4nPDGOMKeAOiYFjO-8IbMpCgGl36Hiva7Z/s640/Imp_003.bmp" width="640" /></b></a></div>
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<b>The Bayeux Tapestry shows what happened after<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC4vCNepFiWfLxUMAyTIgTifnz3oKp-EjNRJGDhW1tZyZcqM_tTp-NxUxcRnZLFJe28yKeIDnhgAQYThGKfbbPfMLjbc7_daFhh2JpUjuKncTs-9mZCLCPjzLAyyewd7Psahh2MnzwFeX8/s1600/Imp_004.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC4vCNepFiWfLxUMAyTIgTifnz3oKp-EjNRJGDhW1tZyZcqM_tTp-NxUxcRnZLFJe28yKeIDnhgAQYThGKfbbPfMLjbc7_daFhh2JpUjuKncTs-9mZCLCPjzLAyyewd7Psahh2MnzwFeX8/s640/Imp_004.bmp" width="640" /></b></a></div>
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<b>This sort of indiscipline was the death knell of many a
battle for whom lost their cohesion. One of the distinguishing tactics of the
descendants of the steppe way of war was the bait and switch by fast and
flexible forces, usually mounted archers of which more will be told in a
following edition. The bait and switch
tempted Crusader knights to do their specialty, the Charge with Couched
Lance, The light horse would evade and
withdraw until the Knights cohesion was lost, horses blown, and a gap between
them and their infantry. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQrTuAmFzCc">Click Here for Battle of Leigntz (Mongols vs Europe</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b>The Battle of Liegnitz in 1241 as depicted in the war game
link above (8:11 with music) illustrates how the Mongols destroyed a Western
Army resulting in the conquest of most of what was Russian at the time. It was
not until Ivan the Terrible was the damage undone.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Link to Wikipedia on Legnitz defeat (Templars
included)</span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b>The Tactical Imperatives of that battle give show the
Mongols had the right stuff, at the right place and time. The only Imperatives the West had was the
resilience and armor of the mounted knight to parry and absorb Mongol
hits. Over the centuries that followed,
the Russians and Poles developed light and middle weight cavalry to be able to
evade and return to worry the cohesion of opponents East and West. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">See also
maps at of Battle of Mohai Heath: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvY2iN6uP2w">BATTLE OF MOHI HEATH 1241</a></span> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3gMe9IV_x9u9LrMKC07RdNSOWdzM90C2WY53i1NPvvHGxOOFB3gZdqkjz7WhMn62gsOtYJ5Q9lVX-s4xETHi8OMSUh2UXIB1KEdiDUragIrT4lq-UHnR4fYQYuIEWKUMwLo2oAovmduwD/s1600/Imp_005.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3gMe9IV_x9u9LrMKC07RdNSOWdzM90C2WY53i1NPvvHGxOOFB3gZdqkjz7WhMn62gsOtYJ5Q9lVX-s4xETHi8OMSUh2UXIB1KEdiDUragIrT4lq-UHnR4fYQYuIEWKUMwLo2oAovmduwD/s640/Imp_005.bmp" width="640" /></b></a></div>
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<b>To redress imbalances between the heavy mounted knight with
power and speed, but not much flexibility and the heavy armored infantry with
the ability to absorb but not the speed to evade or duck has been addressed
continually down through the ages. In
the Crusade Era, this meant fast and light both mounted and on foot. These forces were usually have weapons with
some range and/or speed. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>In the Battle of Liegnitz, mounted crossbowmen were used to
add the speed of the horse with effective long range firepower. Crossbowmen, mounted or not suffer from a
slow rate of fire. Eastern forces used
mounted long range bowmen on horseback, but they dismounted to fire as was the
case with the US Cavalry in the Old West and with Mechanized Infantry before
the Bradley. The default Steppe warrior
and descendants used a short range rapid light arrow or bolt from horseback.
They could evade Western spears and arrows to pour enough arrows to confuse and
trip.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2bBWOIkUJ-wybbHI9VbY430zgsYF1nihkCdK2g4lzQKqGLTvvtY3lKaoM-jaiDi1XCiFqkKb4conZ7JF6cCuxYGAKBvdU9pHnWGLSXDu9wvilP2h-IDKNvddUPdjZgKM7HCVHMVyKN3Pw/s1600/Imp_006.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2bBWOIkUJ-wybbHI9VbY430zgsYF1nihkCdK2g4lzQKqGLTvvtY3lKaoM-jaiDi1XCiFqkKb4conZ7JF6cCuxYGAKBvdU9pHnWGLSXDu9wvilP2h-IDKNvddUPdjZgKM7HCVHMVyKN3Pw/s640/Imp_006.bmp" width="640" /></b></a></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<b>The Battle of Crecy between England and France over who was
who in 1346 shortly after the Crusade Era in the Levant shows the trade offs between crossbow and longbow. The
French were so eager to smash the English that they deployed the Genoese
crossbowmen before their wagons with their big shields, the ground mounted
pavise behind which archers and crossbowmen conducted business.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd8hSprL5Tgth249AjpdselfotCPfZ0tlu7dwa9ilmaNj_9S2JceOU5uvfd39Cep4VnNRCDQgkQEklaqZklKEDd6wWo3GVSI5UBYtwBQFsVYZAGMg3VZQJ4AvpLLgBf9-KX24FxygeBVyv/s1600/Imp_007.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd8hSprL5Tgth249AjpdselfotCPfZ0tlu7dwa9ilmaNj_9S2JceOU5uvfd39Cep4VnNRCDQgkQEklaqZklKEDd6wWo3GVSI5UBYtwBQFsVYZAGMg3VZQJ4AvpLLgBf9-KX24FxygeBVyv/s640/Imp_007.bmp" width="640" /></b></a></div>
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<b>Caught in the open by English Archers in range and with a
very high rate of fire, decimated the Genoese. They started to back up, but the
flower of French chivalry rode them down, and into the mud the knights did
ride. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Light
Infantry Screening Force (Flank, Front, Rear and Gap)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b>The Bayeux Tapestry shows infantry being used in ways not
often recognized, that of flank and “gap” screening missions. Traditional doctrine and practice recognizes
Reconnaissance and Security as two forms to address larger or more dangerous
forces. There are differences in the
mission. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Security Forces
orient on the force being protected, while reconnaissance orients on the enemy
force. Two security force missions
are the norm, the blocking force and the screening force. The difference is firepower. Both try to
force the enemy to deploy for battle early and slow them down. Normally, these
forces are entitled by Front. Flank, or Rear screening or blocking forces. There are also gaps to be screened and/or
protected that are not commonly labeled as such. I use the term “Gap” to describe the Guard or Screening mission (Gap
Screen or Gap Guard). <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Screening forces were used by the Normans at Hastings as
depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry as archers running along between two groups of
Knights on horseback. Archers and light
infantry with small round shield held with a center grip are seen as very small
in the margins of the Tapestry.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<b>The Tactical Imperatives leveraged in Security Missions
include holding initiative pertaining to the eyes and the brain, while being
able to force the other side to slow down, get cautious, but unable to stand
and fight for long <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The Medieval 2 Total War <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDsRsjYA52I"><span style="color: red;">(HASTINGS IT IS NOT)</span></a>rendition
show a vigorous but completely erroneous rendition of the arms, equipment,
tactics and techniques. The game shows both sides with round shields held with
Center Grip, whereas both sides in the Tapestry have the kite shield and use
the Strong Arm Grip. Both sides are
shown the sword as the primary line infantry weapon but held in a “couched”
position (adopted decades after the battle). The net result as shown in the
game (closer look) some spears are protruding through the shields. This was an error I made in cross checking
what worked.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<b>The same rules and roles of combat in the Crusade Era apply
to all of the after. That which shifts
with technology, mission, enemy, terrain and the cultures involved, are the
Tactical Imperative. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">THE TACTICAL </span></span><span style="line-height: 17px;">MILIEU</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> OF THE CRUSADE ERA<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span class="MsoBookTitle">The Archer:</span> Tactical
Imperatives become active when at least one side gets “in range” the other with
at least one weapons system. “Range” and
“Speed” are the two sides of the sandwich. The Tactical Milieu is the mix of
Imperatives. In the Crusade Era that
meant the fast moving light cavalry or light footed infantry plus the ranges of
their weapons against any enemy force that is out of range of those who are. Crusade
Era maximum ranges of weaponry were in hundreds of yards and the distance
cavalry could close. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>In close battle, which differs from close order battle
because the enemy is close. The most
effective ranges were less than arm’s length plus the range of the weapon. That put the spear ahead of the sword, and
the javelin and thrown axe ahead of either.
But it is the Archer that opens the tactical imperatives for the
dismounted. They are usually first to close the range with the enemy deadly
enough to stop walking and to get ready to fight.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>No one has found written records (firing tables) for
medieval archery, yet the revival of the bow for hunting and sport does provide
comparable data, giving modern steel versus bone and wood. Firing tables or
comparisons of the maximum effective range of a rifle versus a bow and arrow on
point targets are interesting stories, but in close order battle is against a
crowded foe that covers a football pitch at
shoulder to shoulder distance apart.
Engagement by bow, arrow, crossbow and bolt were against area type
targets much in the same way machineguns are deployed.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>Thus the use of the machine gun against area targets applies
as well to other rapid firing ranged weapons with regard to the ground and the
enemy.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<b>The definition of “maximum range” depends on the shape and
size of the target. Archery is closer to
firing a machine-gun which has a “beaten zone” in which is defined in part by
the Circular Area of Probability (CEP), the shape and size of the target, and
the azimuth laterally and in depth from the firing position. The optimum target for a machine gun is
enfiladed, the long axis of the target is the same as the gun-target line. Since the machine-gun is a rapid fire weapon,
the beaten zone is moved left and right to cover targets of width. As did the Archer.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>The archery equivalent of a beaten zone has been tested in
what have been called “Flight Archery” in which the range of the arrows counted
more than the targets. The Turks had
the reputation as the best in this category with ranges up to 800 yards. Considering the most common targets in the
Crusade Era were massed targets engaged with massed archers which suggests an
effective range out to 300-400 yards/meters depending on the bow and the armor
on the targets<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<b>There has been a long standing argument about the
performance of the longbow versus the crossbow. The biggest difference is that the crossbow
can be combat effective with a couple of weeks training, the long bow takes
years. The Crossbow shoots in a flatter
trajectory at a higher velocity, with a point blank rage of 70 yards, and
angled up to 45 degrees can reach 350 yards.<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">"
</span>A Crossbow
is extremely slow to reload compared to any bow. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">MOUNTED ARCHERY <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<b>Mounted Archery suffered from reduced accuracy and range
which was acceptable depending on the speed of the mount. This trade off between speed, armor, and firepower
is at the heart of modern tanks design and equally applicable to Medieval times
for both mounted and dismounted soldiery. The M1 US Tank was the first to use gun
stabilization so as to fire on the move. The British and Russians of my day in the
hatch preferred the move and shoot. While the Germans and the US was stop and
shoot. The US Cavalry in the Old West could charge with pistol and sword or
dismount to fire with their carbines or rifles.
The choice was largely dictated by the ground, relative speed, and
armaments. So Archers and Crossbow were often
mounted but dismounted to fire on the militaries of this era.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The typical Turkish and Asian mode was to shoot on the move
at a higher rate but with a lower range and penetration.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiht_K7qCbknB6boQI5xW-KyUy7w4eBaduBJqdSm58P9wzzKUnK4FdtWLHwBPuXhA_cHs2VJFm9iC1-iq9BBBIXkuUIDrjd8rlD9ayIutoe5tqPSKvC6eIQiJkFwymfO2MTt5g38N6u9LPl/s1600/Imp_017.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiht_K7qCbknB6boQI5xW-KyUy7w4eBaduBJqdSm58P9wzzKUnK4FdtWLHwBPuXhA_cHs2VJFm9iC1-iq9BBBIXkuUIDrjd8rlD9ayIutoe5tqPSKvC6eIQiJkFwymfO2MTt5g38N6u9LPl/s640/Imp_017.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<b>The Mongols, Turks, and their predecessors, the Scythians of
the Steppes had the control of who moved at whose initiative. With the exception of enemies able to block
the movement of Steppe horses, by fortification, shield and/or spear wall, or
obstacles natural or man made.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>Japanese Yabusame mounted archery competition in Japan calls
for precision shots at three targets ten meters away at the gallop over a 225
meter course. The Steppe tradition
included close range distances with a lot of arrows at the gallop. Some fired
more than one small arrow at the same time.
This was the sort of archery faced by Templar forces, particularly noted
in the Battle of Arsuf. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>The Steppe and Asian archer uses a distinctly different way
of handling the bow and the arrow. The
Asian fires his arrow on the thumb side (right) of the bow and uses a thumb
grip on the arrow. The Western archer fires on the finger side (left) using
three fingers to steady the arrow and pull the bowstring to the rear. IMHO, the reason for the thumb side Asian
draw is to facilitate shooting to the left without jabbing the horse in the
neck with the bow lilted clockwise. </b></div>
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<b> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Other tactical differences of
strategic and operational significance. </span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<b>The Western armies of the Crusade era differed in a small
number of competing arrays. The Western
knight’s charge with couched lance was formidable and not equaled in the
East. There were heavily armored forces
in Islam and East, including lamellar armor for the horse. Unlike the West their lances were carried
much like a quarterback in American Football just before the pass. This method
is the predominant one in the Bayeux Tapestry.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br />
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<o:p><b><br /></b></o:p></div>
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<b>One comparative advantage to Muslim and Byzantine forces of
a wide array of light forces which normally do not close with the main Crusader
defensive Shield Walls, but a series of pin pricks to the point that one report
in the running battle of Arsuf of the effectiveness of Western forces said that
some Crusader infantrymen had up to ten arrows stuck in the mail and padding
and continued to march. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Link to Youtube with Total War rendition of the battle
(9.05) <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byETbrw4g_I">BATTLE OF ARSUF (Click here)</a><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>At the running battle of the Third Crusade between Richard I
and Saladin between Acre and the port of Jaffa which was the optimum location
for logistics support of operations in and around Jerusalem. The heavy infantry
of a slowly moving shield wall (which is unusual for walls) that protected the
horses from the rain of arrows from fast moving light archers. The tactical intent of Saladin was to invite
the Crusaders to make a charge that he could evade and duck until the steam ran
out of the horses, then to charge with his own heavy cavalry to run down a
weakened shield wall.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>It didn't work out that well, when the Hospital had had
enough of slings and arrows, and ordered a charge, as the Shield Wall parted
(passage of lines). King Richard knew that this was the time to put all down,
and ordered the other orders, Temple as well, and chased Saladin out of town.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>There are two questions before the next piece in released:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--> How do
the spear man reverse the spear from thumb side to pinky side towards the steel
when in the front line?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How does an archer run and shoot when enemy is
in front? Twist and shoot? <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>NNDNN<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-52388431631459768102013-07-03T22:00:00.000-05:002016-05-05T16:51:28.641-05:00Open Battle in Close Order Formation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9hzkr-dxaoKviYkUKwbI_2MxZQ0N4p3YBB6K6shpvIS9OTnWlKIbG548TToXS8EjUHSvh7jLhtoaLWpxwD_LUiFeYSABmH7XYZDYk-Q9laVCs14mgQtYxXKLFOa0yY7wt7LfRlOOfsgFD/s1600/Art_00_001+Header+New_2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9hzkr-dxaoKviYkUKwbI_2MxZQ0N4p3YBB6K6shpvIS9OTnWlKIbG548TToXS8EjUHSvh7jLhtoaLWpxwD_LUiFeYSABmH7XYZDYk-Q9laVCs14mgQtYxXKLFOa0yY7wt7LfRlOOfsgFD/s640/Art_00_001+Header+New_2.bmp" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "victorian let"; font-size: 16pt;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> There is very little written about how medieval
warfare was fought at the small unit and individual level. There are
legions of books about how the units maneuvered but nothing about what amounted
to mounted and dismounted drill that would allow warriors from different
cultures and tactical systems be able to be integrated on arrival right on the
eve of battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuaO91boH2X07bjFCQPYsdDDP9G9aWAlG8RoPJ6jVnAr5egaXa8sw8PlIh-s9ZEKDTun9tnQRuMfeNHau76H-y46Ir9E8eWQYpS7zKWX7uqOK4tQeptO7J6iRPA2aAu81hC-O8w4WgY-24/s546/1_TactImp.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuaO91boH2X07bjFCQPYsdDDP9G9aWAlG8RoPJ6jVnAr5egaXa8sw8PlIh-s9ZEKDTun9tnQRuMfeNHau76H-y46Ir9E8eWQYpS7zKWX7uqOK4tQeptO7J6iRPA2aAu81hC-O8w4WgY-24/s640/1_TactImp.tif" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Recent recovery of manuscripts written as early
as a century after the Burning are a generation or two of evolution and
development of arms and armor, and associated tactics, operations and strategies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In short, that evolution was a reaction of
the increased effectiveness of the Infantry honed in battle with the Saracen i</span></b><span class="comment-body"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">n the Levant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the loss of good horses and horsemen due
to the rising cost of armor, particularly plate. That in turn required bigger
pikes for smaller shields until only the buckler remained.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">These manuals, available on line at the Association
of Renaissance Martial Arts (ARMA) at </span></b><a href="http://www.thearma.org/manuals.htm"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.thearma.org/manuals.htm</span></span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">show a different tactical operating
environment (TOE) in the tradeoffs between Armor, Protection and Mobility
between walkers and riders. The Tactical Imperatives schema is a more detailed
way to analyze the tradeoffs.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUMO7B4B95PReiYE39ahgPWH9_Arc3hZfDJj7fVhxwoi6IcJQtMOyD54oAH1YBQ1pNqII4I-LXjPMUdVdlGXpLuAuOWLBmsZvgQcUM-vULKnq26m6J6ZuTc5_yFYq9534Pxau3YqNekmiP/s600/2_Bayoux.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUMO7B4B95PReiYE39ahgPWH9_Arc3hZfDJj7fVhxwoi6IcJQtMOyD54oAH1YBQ1pNqII4I-LXjPMUdVdlGXpLuAuOWLBmsZvgQcUM-vULKnq26m6J6ZuTc5_yFYq9534Pxau3YqNekmiP/s640/2_Bayoux.tif" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I recommend starting with a study of the Bayeux
Tapestry which shows certain tactical innovations that the re-enactors and
Hollywood have missed. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJwfq0mmBBoKBWIhraroI_055EQ3ULllSZayBvzHnL_yIk-TzT-gmnCKUYfALAYHDEctuIr3Uei9Kh0A_b_m-E1AQ1KToXbe8vq7vcXXoBmlaI-SH4_61q1UtQs0uFe9dTROuQ6DfMiAJ/s600/4_Bayoux.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJwfq0mmBBoKBWIhraroI_055EQ3ULllSZayBvzHnL_yIk-TzT-gmnCKUYfALAYHDEctuIr3Uei9Kh0A_b_m-E1AQ1KToXbe8vq7vcXXoBmlaI-SH4_61q1UtQs0uFe9dTROuQ6DfMiAJ/s640/4_Bayoux.tif" width="640" /></a><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJwfq0mmBBoKBWIhraroI_055EQ3ULllSZayBvzHnL_yIk-TzT-gmnCKUYfALAYHDEctuIr3Uei9Kh0A_b_m-E1AQ1KToXbe8vq7vcXXoBmlaI-SH4_61q1UtQs0uFe9dTROuQ6DfMiAJ/s600/4_Bayoux.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></span></b><br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Find one
on line as notice how the shield is being held by the Norman Knights on horseback.
It looks like the Corporate Coat Clutch except that the shield is controlled by
the left forearm. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVnno0Rt7XUGdsUf_dVQltjUvJ_cNlqH7BxJYDlMaGZP7U84yMgppjgwPArYHukw9P-Ebq7FmRNYKA9kl5Vnir1Fz64kTzkqT2pjqoKVhDTNkGudUbDq2Q2HESNrm1d3bWUeKn-qYr9XXl/s600/4_Bayoux_g.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVnno0Rt7XUGdsUf_dVQltjUvJ_cNlqH7BxJYDlMaGZP7U84yMgppjgwPArYHukw9P-Ebq7FmRNYKA9kl5Vnir1Fz64kTzkqT2pjqoKVhDTNkGudUbDq2Q2HESNrm1d3bWUeKn-qYr9XXl/s640/4_Bayoux_g.tif" width="640" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghJwfq0mmBBoKBWIhraroI_055EQ3ULllSZayBvzHnL_yIk-TzT-gmnCKUYfALAYHDEctuIr3Uei9Kh0A_b_m-E1AQ1KToXbe8vq7vcXXoBmlaI-SH4_61q1UtQs0uFe9dTROuQ6DfMiAJ/s600/4_Bayoux.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The handles on shields intended for use in the
Norman, Viking, and Western European shield walls are horizontally aligned with
the ground, snug inside the curve of the shield, where the clench fist is a few
inches from the edge to hold the shield close to the chin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The elbow is directly under the left fist
with the left forearm tight against the biceps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is true during the 11<sup>th</sup> and 12<sup>th</sup> Century and
most of the 13<sup>th</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
exception to the vertical forearm is on mounted knights later where an angle
was necessary for the rider to hold the reins.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4VF92qRu0ACP8-umI0isKEL9nGnA_ajscgGeOy2TB79ewTlWvXr8jZr7VbRlm8Kx0PUnlW3YMwR-Tpct2vLPF4atIKDMs5l26eY71ChoAQ0n0M-BXsL7_7lqQCSdIMzzT8MwuQ475EO5K/s600/6_Arnold.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4VF92qRu0ACP8-umI0isKEL9nGnA_ajscgGeOy2TB79ewTlWvXr8jZr7VbRlm8Kx0PUnlW3YMwR-Tpct2vLPF4atIKDMs5l26eY71ChoAQ0n0M-BXsL7_7lqQCSdIMzzT8MwuQ475EO5K/s640/6_Arnold.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arn the Cuman shows the Cross Gut Grip vs the Stong Arm Grip</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Throw, Stab or Stick?</h2>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Another item to note is that the Mounted Norman
Knights are holding their spears in what looks like they are about to throw the
spear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That option was used during this
time frame, but that is not what the Normans are doing here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a standoff overhand stab. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The spear
is being held in the last quarter of it’s’ length too far back to control the
throw. In other sources, I found a few examples of the rider stabbing a foot
soldier, hang onto the spear and let the forward motion of the horse pull the
spear out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is also found in the
Middle East and Eastern Europe where the couched lance is rare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This calls for considerable skill in being
able to stab someone or horse or foot with a grip that allows two thirds of
more of the weight of the spear in front.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTEtj-BrCsMRUVWDRFP8Tit6BbWgBFbDsmGV6UDSRP8mJM1hnCO8rqZgGFnfzknkLc8BpLZcjc036SchK10WCqU8grnh3efVMD41v_lHld5AVUf2Jt5Pst7lPdOINfXqo6RoO7Kcp6C_nG/s1496/Lanced.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTEtj-BrCsMRUVWDRFP8Tit6BbWgBFbDsmGV6UDSRP8mJM1hnCO8rqZgGFnfzknkLc8BpLZcjc036SchK10WCqU8grnh3efVMD41v_lHld5AVUf2Jt5Pst7lPdOINfXqo6RoO7Kcp6C_nG/s640/Lanced.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Throw, Stab or Stick?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b> </div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
The Shield Wall<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQB_UgY6MRq8ZyEAFTIKsFuv2GL4MrkTN2uPblZX6jn_-BrXFF9O4V8VvopQyMzFmTyjOc-1nhgVd8Srvdn1rUquO-88ypWOdnkD0Az_UOyquaO3GFTgTJUPVQNdLtgMrUUPy0yzzDof2E/s600/8_Shieldwall.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQB_UgY6MRq8ZyEAFTIKsFuv2GL4MrkTN2uPblZX6jn_-BrXFF9O4V8VvopQyMzFmTyjOc-1nhgVd8Srvdn1rUquO-88ypWOdnkD0Az_UOyquaO3GFTgTJUPVQNdLtgMrUUPy0yzzDof2E/s640/8_Shieldwall.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Experiments with PoserPro2012 to recreate problems of formation formation</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></span></b></h3>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Strong Arm Wrestle Grip in the Infantry
forward ranks in the Shield Wall as done by the Angles, Saxons, and Normans is
critical to maintaining an unbroken wall of shields. The Shield Wall was an
import from the Vikings as all of the above came from Scandinavia and Northern
Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The name “Norman” means <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">“Northman” or Norseman”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boss (metal bump) on the front of many
Norse shields covers the handle used to secure the shield to the gunwales of
the Viking long ship.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By definition, the Shield Wall is a wall over to
top of which those behind engaged those before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As below, the weaponry between the shields to fight those in front means
gaps and cracks in the line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQMyAGo99bvSIQTffZA21dzwHQOD34_oR_r_835PBS18GqNYtgtF7dfvov6YRjUOy9o4t-i_XSxdoKF2Px1b-EV51YxRBl5ZXb89JmoAvPo-hg7TZhMK36gmG0MNuWBPzfQrWe9RCHHEmv/s600/7_WallNot.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQMyAGo99bvSIQTffZA21dzwHQOD34_oR_r_835PBS18GqNYtgtF7dfvov6YRjUOy9o4t-i_XSxdoKF2Px1b-EV51YxRBl5ZXb89JmoAvPo-hg7TZhMK36gmG0MNuWBPzfQrWe9RCHHEmv/s640/7_WallNot.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An early experiment on Shield Walls</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Neither is this:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw7wf8t7iPe3fQbhKTeIp1vIBaSuas76ebvl4HUn7DnriItLKgNhjXKjdezFoZNXdr2j13wvzoY6PmZA2ZLUI-ilkY-ToqND7wpNQk8U91Q8BPM9uYeJPhPy8kDkN2_y00iQxhIGe7Nf-Z/s600/8_WallNot.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw7wf8t7iPe3fQbhKTeIp1vIBaSuas76ebvl4HUn7DnriItLKgNhjXKjdezFoZNXdr2j13wvzoY6PmZA2ZLUI-ilkY-ToqND7wpNQk8U91Q8BPM9uYeJPhPy8kDkN2_y00iQxhIGe7Nf-Z/s640/8_WallNot.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Copied from Images from Wargaming games</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The left hand holds the shield so that the right
half of the shield covers the warriors’ chest and abdomen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gap between soldiers “shoulder to
shoulder” is covered by the shield carried by the warrior on the right. The
gentlemen are carrying their shields in the ever popular Gut Clutch useful as
that is the most likely outcome. While the dexterity of both hands may be
retained, the total strength of both arms and the upper body are weakened.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
<o:p> B</o:p>attles of Hastings and Stamford Bridge 1066<o:p></o:p></h3>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Saxon line on Senlac Hill show overlapping
shields which reoccur in war like the Greek Phalanx, and the Roman Legion who
locked shields together. They had just defeated Harald Hardrada, last of the
Viking Kings at Stamford Bridge almost to Scotland, and speed marched down to
meet William at Hastings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the
fatigue that Anglo Saxon army was, the shield wall on Senlac hill held for
twelve hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then someone started to
chase what looked like a retreating Norman force, but wasn’t.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8AgYNwZ0EkdV80mJKRL5smd3_mXqbySf7HzfQkmehDwfJeKWdHNup7HRw3XZLvZs14jVRpAWl7L0CjST1Zs6xenk6ndOzDNZ2HZy7CJ3Lo1ygYCSkAnb_Imnec-T_DjS36di9bDnFNY1Z/s600/10_Senlac.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8AgYNwZ0EkdV80mJKRL5smd3_mXqbySf7HzfQkmehDwfJeKWdHNup7HRw3XZLvZs14jVRpAWl7L0CjST1Zs6xenk6ndOzDNZ2HZy7CJ3Lo1ygYCSkAnb_Imnec-T_DjS36di9bDnFNY1Z/s640/10_Senlac.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Saxons held Senlac Hill for Twelve hours in an era where less than an hour was the norm</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b><br />
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Notice the array of spears in the Saxon
position, they look like quills on a porcupine, no sword or spear goes between
overlapping shields. Therefore, how did warriors behind a wall fight the
enemy charging at then? Answer: they fought over the shields with spears held
in a stabbing down position. Swords were a sidearm and limited to periods where
the wall wobbled. There are a few examples in the art of the time where a
single swordsman nails and opponent who got too close to the wall and was
stabbed like a volleyball close return.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSyRweaqeE1OaAUQB-owa-cllwBx1UFHJEMqwU0JnjBFjt1pc39aC_6qQE-qb3F8jorMxsKEDOLfDgjytxCr3KMzokvkvWXo0gnTlH4Bam91ye-_-Q9bNhnv-l6hGnkv2tJXjDvBHN418q/s600/11_32.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSyRweaqeE1OaAUQB-owa-cllwBx1UFHJEMqwU0JnjBFjt1pc39aC_6qQE-qb3F8jorMxsKEDOLfDgjytxCr3KMzokvkvWXo0gnTlH4Bam91ye-_-Q9bNhnv-l6hGnkv2tJXjDvBHN418q/s640/11_32.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A PoserPro2012 experiment on placing only four ranks in formation. This, of course, is far more orderly than the real deal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;">The Eye-Hands Principle</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">There is a scientific reason for warriors to
hold weapons and shield in what looks like a cramped position and in close
combat and that is that the brain cannot handle both hands on one side of the
center of the visual field (eye line), nor crossed hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When hands are on one side, or crossed, both
arms and the upper body become significantly weaker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That the Western knights used the Clench or
Strong Arm grip shows knowledge of the effects or crossed arms on gross body
movement,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRQKkQoLd5exKADlF2lUg5uY5iTQ5zI_bmCzpUWIelpL2zi64hzyznRqDa8_d99uDlKa_J7HIWZ46fCxZMUz5JXeUKEClCkwAUD_T87fUxBcwgiAz9IMt-3sIiIAoZ9I41KBasLqYkE-_/s600/Look+not+away.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRQKkQoLd5exKADlF2lUg5uY5iTQ5zI_bmCzpUWIelpL2zi64hzyznRqDa8_d99uDlKa_J7HIWZ46fCxZMUz5JXeUKEClCkwAUD_T87fUxBcwgiAz9IMt-3sIiIAoZ9I41KBasLqYkE-_/s640/Look+not+away.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The is relaed to the Cross Extensor Reflex but doubly so.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">This Eye-Hands principle is the foundation of
the Clench or Strong Arm grip on a shield in a shield wall. Since there is
little room to move shoulder to shoulder and the wall in front.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a purely hypothetical certainty, perhaps
the mechanics of baseball, tennis, golf, karate and weed whacking apply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the respected body mechanic known as
the “Elvis Pelvis Swivel”, as demonstrated by Arn the Cuman mercenary.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO7v2InFMzfONV7NjtHfL9KkoOeo-HP00_QBVg1GT46g4II3ybX8XqXEmiszIxuE67yT-rL4odf3on__E-qH1pWt_eORMfRNAeileFMIMxlXruWXrfvwEvbiBF0LYIN3mjo9L4ocMTba57/s1600/Parchment+Long+Arn+3.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO7v2InFMzfONV7NjtHfL9KkoOeo-HP00_QBVg1GT46g4II3ybX8XqXEmiszIxuE67yT-rL4odf3on__E-qH1pWt_eORMfRNAeileFMIMxlXruWXrfvwEvbiBF0LYIN3mjo9L4ocMTba57/s640/Parchment+Long+Arn+3.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arn the Cuman showing step by step what Elvis did and sung.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpzV_0l5ILI"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: blue;">Elvis
Pelvis Swivel</span></span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or in the
case of stab and retract, the Double Elvis Pelvis Swivel applies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elvis had a Black Belt in Karate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The stab is the same as a same side strike
applied to the right side with a whiplash from right foot to right arm,
twisting the hips to counter-clockwise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The retraction is an opposite side whiplash, with the dynamic from left
foot to right arm by twisting the hips clockwise.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">These principles apply in any other fighting
system, regardless of the type shield, the grips on the shield, or use of the
shield or no shield at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Using a
shield in the offense such as the Renaissance sword and buckler works only so
long as both hands don’t drift across the eye line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPY4RZp6OOu3A3xnDSghDDOrp3CEXt4XpM_dweXSp_bt_M6Hq7p4q0Hj3UIc6Ou5_c3DmYG1iLijrhV6fXt7EuINBlXFHQM1tKUpDfJgQMmBCdQQ5yqpo7_UGUQCvnhkaoYzZvuLkEh7EB/s1600/13_HE24.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="568" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPY4RZp6OOu3A3xnDSghDDOrp3CEXt4XpM_dweXSp_bt_M6Hq7p4q0Hj3UIc6Ou5_c3DmYG1iLijrhV6fXt7EuINBlXFHQM1tKUpDfJgQMmBCdQQ5yqpo7_UGUQCvnhkaoYzZvuLkEh7EB/s640/13_HE24.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Tactical Operating Environment in the Renaissance had replaced most shiels sith thicker armor and the <br />
double handed sword where fancy handwork with a longer two handed handle was<br />
the symmetry of the day</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">As in golf, baseball, or felling a tree, the
strongest Eye-Hand position is with both hands in direct alignment with the
eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The tiniest of shifts weakens the
whole upper body. The appearance of these throwing, hitting, and running games appeared about the time those body movements and coordination disappeared on the battlefield of ths day.</span></b></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Cross Gut carry weakens the whole upper
body, when two are so joined in battle it is a gut shove with the hands as
bystanders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The body instinctively knows
this, and the remedy is to look away from the shoving so long as the eyes stay
between the hands. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This means that a lot
of shields in use today need to be redesigned without telling one’s opponents
of this secret magic trick.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
The Crowded Battlefield<o:p> </o:p></h3>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Given no room to maneuver for the individual
warrior, especially in a formation that works so long as it does not move, the
freewheeling sword and shield work famous in game and video, does not take
place until cracks, gaps, holes, and flanks are exposed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then it is time for everyone for themselves,
i.e. panic from which few survive. This is captured in the film "Zulu" in the bloody tradeoff between a good Medieval infantry (Zulu) against a good British infantry armed with the Martini-Henry lever action rifle .."and a bayonet with some guts behind it".</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ZULU</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Zulu+War+Movies&&view=detail&mid=7356EC3D45013DF7827F7356EC3D45013DF7827F&FORM=VRDGAR" target="_blank">Zulu - Volley Fire</a></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p><a href="http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Zulu+War+Movies&&view=detail&mid=31D1EF9214E5B49A681031D1EF9214E5B49A6810&FORM=VRDGAR">http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Zulu+War+Movies&&view=detail&mid=31D1EF9214E5B49A681031D1EF9214E5B49A6810&FORM=VRDGAR</a></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p>and </o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
</div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
<o:p><a href="http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=zulu%2c+movie&view=detail&mid=72F6D58199A0A7DC1B5072F6D58199A0A7DC1B50&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR" target="_blank">Victoria Cross Roll Call</a></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Knights Templar, Hospital, and other Orders
kept order and security of the Crusader Army under Richard the Lion Hearted in
a perilous journey from Acre to Jaffa, where at the Battle of Arsuf in
1191.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was one of the very few
battles in which the shield wall moved, and in so doing protected the cavalry
from the swarms of arrows from fast riding Saracens.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjowjfz48NC0fhxKIBgM_lIhNT3NrWeW8hKXEFL8XRVeOVjZe8ql1QLqO3SfM-aWYWLvhBRSV75TCkDGbQHnyn6Con5zr2-Yj5NyIRSLmmeBpD2y_XuSC504RMf-5MXPLW6Q1nC3HQGJVSR/s656/12_Arsuff.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjowjfz48NC0fhxKIBgM_lIhNT3NrWeW8hKXEFL8XRVeOVjZe8ql1QLqO3SfM-aWYWLvhBRSV75TCkDGbQHnyn6Con5zr2-Yj5NyIRSLmmeBpD2y_XuSC504RMf-5MXPLW6Q1nC3HQGJVSR/s640/12_Arsuff.tif" width="640" /></a></span></b></div>
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.theartofbattle.com/battle-of-arsuf-1191.htm"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: blue;">BATTLE
OF ARSUF 1191</span></span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipZ5KnnfTCSfhoZe0VB2r-nBw4YNPvprIKd-IGpNWKQBjWMC50fcu-NGBY-W-xLUpwTHBT_tTEWBn4lxVN_8BQbxMA60n9qzvQqy-aZZhYbXXGbOmTVDyu9Nt_ifOU1SqsimuyPicmfaga/s407/Oplan+Arsuf.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipZ5KnnfTCSfhoZe0VB2r-nBw4YNPvprIKd-IGpNWKQBjWMC50fcu-NGBY-W-xLUpwTHBT_tTEWBn4lxVN_8BQbxMA60n9qzvQqy-aZZhYbXXGbOmTVDyu9Nt_ifOU1SqsimuyPicmfaga/s640/Oplan+Arsuf.bmp" width="502" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Order of Battle and Dispositions ofhte Battle of Arsuf<br />
starring Richard the Lion Heated<br />
and Salaidn</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b><br />
<h3>
Panic - the Startle Respose that destroys nations.</h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: left;">
<o:p> </o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBt6LKiUVeYAo12Z_l7Fo7lVnYUHKcQTWsm57sAAXdDxgPf82s2pJE0x-5VBruBSV_tLRRkQ5fZkSwzGsUG6FOEW5LSmEJiGvelVkCRDyBLbKMNgUqb64ixanQb0bPffZm0BZhc04G56H5/s1600/PANIC_JJ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBt6LKiUVeYAo12Z_l7Fo7lVnYUHKcQTWsm57sAAXdDxgPf82s2pJE0x-5VBruBSV_tLRRkQ5fZkSwzGsUG6FOEW5LSmEJiGvelVkCRDyBLbKMNgUqb64ixanQb0bPffZm0BZhc04G56H5/s640/PANIC_JJ.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">By blinding and confusing an eneymy force, self confidence and cohesion come apart.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Consider now that overlapping shields of belly
to back and shoulder to shoulder and the popular free for wall, the melee was
only done when there was a crack or crumble in the wall. Normally, any serious
breach of the front ranks was the tripping point for panic whereupon most to
the panicked were slaughtered by enemy cavalry </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">While
still a Political Science student at UCLA and a drilling Army Reservist (E-5) I
was made privy to panic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The issue of a
Panic Tipping Point is one I was fortunate to have learned about from my Army
Reserve Company Commander, Otto H Atkinson, of the 3/31st "Polar
Bear" Battle Group (my father found their last command post in the
Philippines untouched since their surrender to the Japanese in 1942).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we
unloaded from the busses at Camp Irwin in the Desert for two weeks of fun and
games, Captain Otto had us drop out gear a the barracks and spent the first
week dug in 24/6 nonstop training. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">One
trick he used was to have us in a defensive position, fields of fire
coordinated, and waiting for the next order. Captain Otto has the 1st
Sergeant make an attack on one flank all by himself with one soldier directed
to "panic" toss his weapons and run off screaming. Capt. Otto
told the next soldier in line to do whatever the first guy did. The First
Sergeant attacked fining his M1 rifle, the Panickee panicked and the follower
followed and the whole company scattered like popcorn in a high wind..<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Then
we learned what to do and what not to do when someone panics.
1. Check to see if there is something really there, and tell your
mates to cool it. 2. Do not chase the clown down, or the rest of the
troops will follow. I have used this with each new command when in the
field. That, and killing myself off to see who takes over.</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The cacophony of clash of arms, shouts, screams
of men and horses made verbal commands from within a basked helmet somewhat
problematic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drums were a common means
of giving fairly complex commands, but used less in the West than in the East.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The flags, pennons, Guidons and streamers were
the principle means of command, control and inspiration in battles well into
the XXth Century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Rule of the Order
gives specific guidance on Guidons, as in guide on it. The recovery of the
dying flag bearer to another is a central item depicting bravery in print, on
the stage, screen, radio, TV and the net. That is firmly ensconced in modern
military tradition, each unit with its’ revered divisional, regimental and
battalion colors and the Guidons for the company, battery and troop are still
carried. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I
once stood in a formation of the 3rd Armored Division in massed formation at
Fleigerhorst near Hanau for a pass in review by President John F
Kennedy. Given sick, lame and lazy plus other NATO contingencies I
estimate that there was about 10,000 in ranks. In medieval times, 10,000 was
respectable but not overly impressive. We presented arms through seven
national anthems during which we hooked our front sites over our belts to keep
them aligned. It took one huge flag from the flight Tower to give the
signal to unhook, then order arms. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A few days after this, he gave his famous speech
</span></b><a href="http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ich+bin+ein+berliner&qpvt=ich+bin+ein+berliner&FORM=VDRE"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: blue;">ICH
BIN EINE BERLINER</span></span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The idea of a mob of that size attacking in a tight shoulder to shoulder formation
is tempting fate, that of Murphy's Laws. Anything that can go wrong will, and in the worst possible time, and place. The commanders of the day knew that and avoided open battle unless the odds or fate says otherwise. The greatest casualties of Medieval warfare up to WW 1 was, unlike popcorn, the cavalry was the wind.</span></b></div>
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Command and Control on an Unruly Battlefield <o:p></o:p></h3>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Medieval principle command and control system was that of unit flags, guidons, and pennons as a guide for those who followed. This was so critical, that they are still held as imporant in today's military systems including those of the flags of the distubancies under arms today. The term "capture the flag" was often a war winning tactic.</span></b></div>
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<strong>A change of command ceremony is one in which the outgoing commander presents the unit flag to the Command Sergeant Major who hands it to the incoming commander.</strong></div>
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<strong></strong><br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDalspbIp4Ku0pIq-TC9tlgxC6FetZ9VmfFycylAXK9VDox7_LsFpoRBD6r-XLDBjGGk7Vc5S9Cxx3UOnhnhsbktfixRzTRvpVY3A9U8xDJvhTVlhGjdqh6mTmRA6xVU6iY2M0yuSSb-Ck/s1600/B_1-48Inf.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDalspbIp4Ku0pIq-TC9tlgxC6FetZ9VmfFycylAXK9VDox7_LsFpoRBD6r-XLDBjGGk7Vc5S9Cxx3UOnhnhsbktfixRzTRvpVY3A9U8xDJvhTVlhGjdqh6mTmRA6xVU6iY2M0yuSSb-Ck/s640/B_1-48Inf.tif" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is B Company, 1st Battalion, 48th Infantry (Dragoons) of the 3rd Armored Division <br />
in Gelhausen, Germany 1963-64. I'm the skinny one at the extreme low left.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The
Sharpe's British TV Series on the Napoleonic War has Sergeant Sharpe
commissioned as he had captured a French unit's Eagle. It
was vital for the unit flag to fly. And we are all familiar with
courageous men shown picking up the fallen flag that often was the key to
victory...that the flag still flew. It is one of the leading scenes in "Birth of a Nation" that Woodrow Wilson really liked. The end clip of this clip shows the Confederate commander attacking alone but for his battle flag. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OX-vz9Mei2g" target="_blank">Clips from Birth of a Nation</a></h3>
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<span class="comment-body"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The raison d'etre for the shield wall was defense against cracks, gaps, and wobbly shields would make a panic inducing penetration.
</span></b></span><br />
<strong></strong><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
<span class="comment-body">The Shield Wall was one of the two big tricks the West
brought to the Levant. The other “trick" was charge of Heavy Cavalry with
couched lance. The West rode on large stallions which are spirited while the
East preferred smaller mares for ease of management. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cavalry is covered in another chapter.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Templar Military Assistance Mission (like MACV)</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
<span class="comment-body"> Not only did Knights Templar have
standardized individual and small unit tactics, the knights also provided the same kind of assistance to other groups of Christian and Crusaders. This is similar to the mission of the Military Assistance and Advisory Group, Vietnam by providing advisors, services and support and when needed actual combat forces.</span><span class="comment-body">. The Knights were assigned the
most difficult tasks as in the Battle of Arsuf where they were in a position to
preclude panic and maintain formations while under a constant barrage from
Saladin's forces light and heavy. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="comment-body">During the Second Crusade, Knights Templar assigned to
support that effort were critical in training and coaching the forces through
some very hostile terrain, and the Turk as well. Thus, the training received by
a typical Templar Knight has to have included individual and small unit tactics
common throughout the order, and receive command and staff training the results
of which form the Gold Standard of combat troops of that Era. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRwLDAkyfDL-DY8S7J19knRS3jSJcwD_uNzLjpU0aESUD7fcme2JT9Qp5YSKViKSFs29zYTPn8-8CSVnDBcJ23uqndAe252aYi6fhuIuohptXPfqL0_vq49DawDyaa4xNcpeEctCxQ0b7r/s1600/Banner.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRwLDAkyfDL-DY8S7J19knRS3jSJcwD_uNzLjpU0aESUD7fcme2JT9Qp5YSKViKSFs29zYTPn8-8CSVnDBcJ23uqndAe252aYi6fhuIuohptXPfqL0_vq49DawDyaa4xNcpeEctCxQ0b7r/s640/Banner.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A collage of bits and pieces of my tour in Vietnam 1968-69 with the 1st Infantry Division <br />
and the 1st Air Cavarly Division.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="comment-body"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
<span class="comment-body">The only records found around the campus are those of
the Rule which accounted for every minute of the day. So where are the programs
of instruction, the training schedules, lesson plans and manual? Given the
uniformity of tactic and technique throughout the Order, there had to be
something like "doctrine". With several centuries of close order
combat and high specialization in certain geographic areas, the capabilities of
different forces were likely common knowledge.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="comment-body">There is little found in the documentation including
paintings and statuary of medieval war in any event. This article is an effort
to fill some of those gaps.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="comment-body">NNDN </span><br />
<br />
<span class="comment-body">Keep an eye on </span><br />
<br />
</span></b><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftemplarmilitaris%2Eblogspot%2Ecom%2F&urlhash=mu1V&_t=tracking_disc" target="_blank"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: blue;">http://templarmilitaris.blogspot.com/</span></span></b></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">PS:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More to follow<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: "calibri";"> </span></o:p></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"> </span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";">a</span></span></b><br />
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-91862383082857575642012-05-31T08:04:00.005-05:002012-06-18T09:45:54.084-05:00The Principles of Close Order Combat before the Machinegun<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv7MSCLBem7BTwYSEKO4M-Rcj6G-wToF2WSyQuo8e2GYL6eCL1WlWqz77Gk4DBPnFsUWq_mnL8E1z4Xdtu7W8WgCkDKJn_T7odAeaRqGX0b5gxs5D0JqSJ1f9goNb5aIXn2jgEbpdZkAmH/s1600/MG_01+header.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv7MSCLBem7BTwYSEKO4M-Rcj6G-wToF2WSyQuo8e2GYL6eCL1WlWqz77Gk4DBPnFsUWq_mnL8E1z4Xdtu7W8WgCkDKJn_T7odAeaRqGX0b5gxs5D0JqSJ1f9goNb5aIXn2jgEbpdZkAmH/s640/MG_01+header.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">\<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The face-to-face
battlefield changed more in the four years of WW1 than in the previous four
thousand. Before, a successful defensive
move was to “close ranks” to repel or break cohesion of that group whose ranks were
not close enough. Once an attacker
breaches the front ranks of a defending unit, even one very small, weakens the
ability of the defenders to close ranks,
present a united front, shoulder to shoulder.
The enemy has the opportunity to attack defenders from more than one
side. Shoulder to shoulder forces the
enemy to attack more than one defender, those on both sides, and few directly
behind.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">On 3
September 1260 The Mameluks Sultanate defeated the Mongols invasion of the Holy
Land at Ain Jalut. The Mameluks used
“Hand cannon” of Chinese origin in hopes of frightening Mongol horses with
unknown results. The shortage of grass
for Mongol horses limited the number of spare horses that limited the mobility
and flexibility of Mongol cavalry. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The old
adage of the enemy of my enemy is my friend caused considerable angst in the
remaining Crusader states. Some wanted
to have a treaty (MOU – memorandum of understanding) with the Mongols to finish
off the Muslims, but the Pope vetoed that notion. Instead, the Crusader states in harms’ way
gave free passage and watering holes for the Mameluks. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Eventually,
trade with the Far East introduced gunpowder and guns in sufficient amounts to
have an effect on fortifications and open battle, but that did not happen until
several decades after the end of the Crusades in the Levant. The
gradual introduction of more effective firearms into the hands of the
infantryman did not defeat the “close ranks” formations of the defenders until
the carnage of WW 1 tipped the balance.
These two battles, one in the American Revolution and the other at
Waterloo show close ordered formation not less tightly paced as a Greek
phalanx.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This in
part was due to logistic reasons – no railroad. Until the railroad, armies marched on their stomachs
fed by forage, pillage, and/or plunder. Such
plundering alienated the civilians who were plundered even by their own troops
to the point that the Founders of the US Constitution made it a point in the
Bill of Rights in the Third Amendment:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">“<b>No
Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent
of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law”.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Industrial
Revolution changed the tactical milieu not only by design of weaponry but upon
the ability to supply forward forces continuously. The range of technological
change came tin a rapidly increasing perhaps exponential rate during the 100
years before Armistice Day of the First World War. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Just before the
American Civil War, rifles replaced smooth bore muskets that tripled the
effective range of the infantryman against massed close order infantry. This
was a change from a fifty-yard lethal range to three hundred. The railroad increased the available
ammunition supply rate (ASR) The tactical imperative changed from “close
ranks” to “dig in, spread out, and hide”. It took another sixty years and
millions of lives until World War 2 before the lessons became standard
practice. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In addition to a
more lethal front line rifle, rifling added accuracy and range to cannon which
now could be fired from well behind the front line instead of being part of
it. The defense also shifted to field
fortifications (dug by the port-a-fort entrenching tool) to defeat incoming
bullets and escape both shell fragment and bullet swarm. The rate of fire of the infantryman increased
due to the now familiar brass cartridge and the action of loading new rounds
after extracting fired cartridges by hand by hand or automatically. Barbed wire
was introduced during the Great War from the Old West to slow down attackers in
the same manner as Caltrops were used in medieval war. Then we come to the
Second World War.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">These
examples show that as the effective fire increases so are the defensive measure
on the receiving end. The mantra then
was close up, build up, and armor up.
The differences in mobility between the foot mounted infantry and the
horse-mounted cavalry still presents the problem of the cavalry outrunning the
infantry. This left gaps in the defensive line, or it slowed the attacker down
which turned the cavalry (horses, tanks, personnel carriers) into a slow
vulnerable target with no shock effect. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The defeat
of the Army of Jerusalem at the Horns of Hattin in 1187 featured a separation
of the infantry from the main force of mounted cavalry by reasons that are not
clear. Saladin had just completed
encircling the entire force, something that requires continuous pressure on the
defender from all sides (exterior lines) while the forces inside the circle
must defeat the forces on the circle one piece at a time before attacking
another piece. Interior lines require
space and speed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
remaining options for the Army of Jerusalem were to use heavy cavalry to break
through and escape. The advance guard
under Count Raymond III of Tripoli and the rear guard under Balian de Ibelin
both did just that. The fact remaining is that there was no infantry to support
the mounted charges by King Guy in his attack to break the Saracen lines and
reach water. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As the
battle developed, Jerusalem advanced across the slowly rising field with a row
of low rolling hills (the Horns of Hattin) with Raymond of Tripoli commanding
the advance guard, King Guy with the main body that had infantry protecting the
cavalry inside each “battle”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saladin then
chose the Tactical Imperatives of the Contra Attack to “confuse, blind, parried
and block” the Army of Jerusalem. Faced
with that, Jerusalem attempted to seize the high ground and break out towards
the Sea of Galilee (Tiberias). This charge disconnect the main body from it’s
own infantry, and both guards front and rear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As the range
and lethality of weapons increased, so did the need to make some choices
between firepower, protection, and mobility.
These choices are complex, but there is a simple basis for analysis –
the human body. The choices can be
called “Tactical Imperatives” <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Over the
centuries armies have attempted to close the speed difference between foot
mounted infantry and horse mounted cavalry.
One solution, then and now, is to for the infantry to ride to the battle
but fight on foot. That option is called
“mechanized infantry”,, Panzer Grenadier, Dragoons, and other storied names.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="LA" style="color: #333333; font-family: BlackCastleMF; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">hic desinit lectio</span><span style="color: #888888; font-family: BlackCastleMF; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-81638338933319549982012-05-11T05:42:00.000-05:002012-06-21T14:04:31.408-05:00Wall vs Charge, Spear vs Shield, Wile vs Whimsey<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Those who have served in/or with the infantry knows that your zip and their zag can but one or both of you in a body bag. The First Law of Warfare is Murphy's Law; what can go wrong will, at the worst possible time and the worst possible place. Good training, equipment and leadership is validated by successful evasion, neutralization, and changing plans at the right time.<br />
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In addition to Handy Terrain Analyses, the hands on tool to determine the Roles and Rules by which all cultures in the Area of Interest, and the analyses of the drama that is central to a group's survival. It is METT-TC with the C being Culture. I don't mean knowing whether to kiss, bow or shake thier hands. Culture shows up in how they used the ground before the troops arrived, and gives a clue to everyone's "tipping point". In the time of the Crusades, the culture of the cavalry was to chase after the enemy's cavalry,<b> </b>onl<b>y</b> to return to see the infantry face down for next dozen miles.<br />
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Task organization and battle drill focused on the specific MOS(Military Occupational Specialty) and home zipcode. The MOS's pf a medieval formation is no less complicated than today's.<br />
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This is obviously more complicated tool than others, but most of the decisions on this matrix are made before the tools were designed. Even when an excellent tool with a long record of success fails because another part of the matrix has shifted. As the Crusaders became acclimatized to the desert clime, the heavier stuff came off or was made functionally as good, but lighter.</div>
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We will come back to this section shortly</div>
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The organization of a task force came from often as complicated as the MOS (Military Occupational Specialty) where skill sets were tied to a specific area and culture. Think of the English Long bowman, or the ships and sailors from Genoa and Venice, some came with two handed axes, others with a diversity of bows and arrows, some shot from the back with the bow resting on the soles of the feet.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU8QXNwsqgDjIkfGY86SD2cCoyuIYaQaXnFxY5R38tK6EnRu7q4V6R-7SGblMB2DUuKX4ODEpZfI03skUWOu3c0CFJeZXvI4vmiuon4FuSI-uch8vxE8IAt1EBqPqNOTRGMincqnGLoZwO/s1600/Untitled+-+14.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU8QXNwsqgDjIkfGY86SD2cCoyuIYaQaXnFxY5R38tK6EnRu7q4V6R-7SGblMB2DUuKX4ODEpZfI03skUWOu3c0CFJeZXvI4vmiuon4FuSI-uch8vxE8IAt1EBqPqNOTRGMincqnGLoZwO/s640/Untitled+-+14.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two knights, two pikemen, one axeman, two archers, one crossbowman and a resupply of arrows.<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">The Tactical Imperative Matrix in the case show below is used </span><span style="font-size: small;">instinctively</span><span style="font-size: small;"> with missile fire on the flanks The pikes keep the cavalry at bay while archers can shoot them trying to evade the pikes, and then finish off the remainder with a good solid :whack: with axes,swords, or the mace. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">To be Continued.</span></div>
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<a name='more'></a><br /></div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-73368469090420049312012-04-29T22:29:00.000-05:002012-05-31T16:17:25.327-05:00Characteres et Politicas Various Populis<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><b>This post is in for an upgrade, and will be out soon</b></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the Sixth Century, The Byzantine Emperor
codified doctrine in a manual called the “Strategikon” . of twelve books
of which Book XI was entitled "Characteristics and Tactics of Various
Peoples. His descriptions included such things as:</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"the
Western light-haired peoples are "bold and undaunted in battle. Daring and
impetuous as they are, they consider any timidity and even a short retreat as a
disgrace." These are qualities, as Luttwak points out, that give strength,
but also tactical limitations". <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The <i>Strategikon</i> describes
the Persians as a people who obey their rulers out of fear. Its comments on the
hardiness of Russian warriors sound like a description of 20<sup>th</sup>-century
Russian soldiers. The book goes on to prescribe the strategies and tactics that
worked or did not work against each of these potential enemies. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He
warned against chasing Germans into the woods where the ground favored German
individual skill sets.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DkAmjZP4KbJeSSDplxS0tSc_uv0jfcAe8zusDE1lPEgbh5zTbkjF5wrcMmBRDvXP7fBoYBEpbXHAR1IToc5PiUrDwdZ_0_2lY5quc3LvpHNpy3qGUqX759cMnqTYj8G8PdsBkrD5bS_1/s1600/Art_01_02+Role+Template.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4DkAmjZP4KbJeSSDplxS0tSc_uv0jfcAe8zusDE1lPEgbh5zTbkjF5wrcMmBRDvXP7fBoYBEpbXHAR1IToc5PiUrDwdZ_0_2lY5quc3LvpHNpy3qGUqX759cMnqTYj8G8PdsBkrD5bS_1/s640/Art_01_02+Role+Template.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Drawn from Transactional Analysis (TA) and the Drama Triangle.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This drama template can be played solo, or internationally</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The cry of an infant for help is the penultimate hot button</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">regardless of species</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhngOONQbd32MP1lcPvKIh1hRsxIEjKDMeqb7QVUIrBmH3JwPZKHwMdtTBtokOELobBTYLVXXlk-SnycXCI_CGzRlB2SuI90D1TJIZQ1mWPwdNslegoHesvn1I1wRSvp3YhqyJq3e6dlw23/s1600/Art_01_04+Turtle+Nest.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhngOONQbd32MP1lcPvKIh1hRsxIEjKDMeqb7QVUIrBmH3JwPZKHwMdtTBtokOELobBTYLVXXlk-SnycXCI_CGzRlB2SuI90D1TJIZQ1mWPwdNslegoHesvn1I1wRSvp3YhqyJq3e6dlw23/s640/Art_01_04+Turtle+Nest.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These Sea Turtles, like many species. produce hundreds of younglings<br />
with instructions coded to get them into the water and safety.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>These are ARM AND HAND signals for the infantry to remember what to look for</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>in somebody else's back yard</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"It's da' bizness, Lenny, I always kind of liked you" - Kapow!</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The lion on the left is suffocating his prey by clamping down on his nose & mouth,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>the one in the middle is going for the spinal cords, while</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>the two on the right are going for a mobility kill</b></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mother, the most powerful being in the Universe</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The lion on the right has deftly hooked the deer's back left leg at full speed ahead.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From Arn, Templar Knigjt, a Swedish film based on the life of a Swedish knight<br />
who fought in the Crusades.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Templar Knight knighting ceremonies in the Grand Priory of St Joan of Arc,</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">conducted in Argentina and Mexico.</span></b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arn's charge, Al Pacino fleeing as Richard III, and an Argentine equestrian competiton</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">The story of too many lives written in drama heroes and villains.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The TA Drama Triangle portrays three roles, by which Lucy and Charlie play,<br />
each getting an emotional payoff</td></tr>
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<b><span lang="LA" style="color: #333333; font-family: AvQest; font-size: 16pt;">Hic desinit
lectio</span></b><b><span style="color: #888888; font-family: AvQest; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-22507448362090048652012-04-29T16:42:00.000-05:002013-04-01T21:01:11.040-05:00Optimo Loco ad Pugnam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><span lang="ES-AR" style="font-size: 18pt;">Optimo Loco ad Pugnam <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoTitleCxSpLast" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(Finding
the Cookie Jar)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">By
Gordon S Fowkes, KCTJ<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Grand
Historian of the Grand Priory of St Joan of Arc of Mexico and Latin America<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">April
23, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">St
Joan of Arc Disclaimer: The opinions
herein are those of the author and not endorsed by the Grand Priory of of
Mexico and Latin America</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 9pt;">Author’s
Disclaimer: This is a military analysis of the Crusader Era “operating
environment’ and includes conclusions and theories. The conclusions are only when validated with
different theories. and the theories are only if validated with different
facts.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">What’s Important?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"> Definitional Interruptus</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: There is no longer any use in
using the terms “tactical, operational, strategic and/or grand strategic” in
the discussion of “levels” of war. It
depends on the size of the frogs and the size of the ponds. The city-states of Genoa and Venice of the
period were very small places with a huge appetite and a long reach. Their landward sides were vulnerable to
infantry, and their fleets were not. The
strategic importance of Jerusalem had operational considerations that told
Richard I that it was not worth taking, although he had the tactical
capabilities to do so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle">Tactics: What’s in range?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle">Operations: Getting there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tactics: What’s in range?
</span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tactical considerations include consideration of giving and receiving the
bullet, buffet or blade of over the four tactical imperatives: Duel, Defense,
Attack and Contra Attack. Tactical considerations are in part physical
as in range, ranging, devastation, and speed.
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Tactical considerations replicate
the equivalent functions of the human body: brain, eyes, arm, fist, feet and vital organs. The eyes are the sensory array as in visual
or by extension: electronic. The arm is that which delivers the fist to
the target, it has speed, range, and flexibility. The fist is the terminal
effect of the weapon system; it is the warhead, the tip of the spear, and the
arrow head. Feet are the mobility of the
weapon platform.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle">Operations: G</span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">etting there, getting resupply,
and getting on or getting out (See Jomini Below)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A Byzantine dromon (cruiser) had tactical
considerations in its’ design and armament, that had an operational reach from
Gibraltar to the Crimea, and was a way of projecting force to enforce the will
of the Byzantine Emperor (also used by Venice and Genoa). If a new device (ship rigged with broadside
guns on a deck) came along, the tactical value of the dromon disappeared from
dominance of the sea lanes in the Mediterranean.</span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Handy Terrain Analysis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Handy Terrain Analysis uses your
own hands to illustrate common terrain features formed by erosion and their
effect on fire and movement from a tactical and operational point of view. </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">COCOA:</span></strong><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <u>This is an old US Army acronym for terrain analysis</u> to see how the ground
helps or hinders either side. There is
an old acronym “COCOA” which is easier to remember the new and improved one on
analyzing terrain. COCOA has a sensory
component to aid in remembering, just think of a cup of Cocoa, smell and
remember: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Critical
Terrain,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Obstacles,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Cover
and Concealment,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Observation
and Fields of Fire, and<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Avenues
of Approach</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The current system replaced Critical Terrain
with Key Terrain. They don’t quite mean
the same (IMHO). Critical terrain is
that which must be taken, held, and/or denied to the enemy. Key terrain
dominates critical terrain. The road
junction in the valley may be critical, but it can only be controlled from a
hill just in range (Key). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>1. Geography</b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">. The effect of relative relief, of rivers and
ridges that make movement easier or harder create choke points to restrain or
enhance movement. The erosion of tilted
block create rivers and ridges which
channel movement with the grain, and the passes, fords, and forks that cross
the grain.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_MPWf85L9idQU91TKNT7h7pjNM6wDYmcYNbeg3i9P_nvcWYkTRbMPO935O0pwgwuIvyOkJXXwSvloceiMPz9F8VlBmVMP4xpeeaTyBAbLQa2wEHk1pAaATwCZT6SwnOkIxj7NzjrKY0IR/s1600/Art_02_04+Erosion.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_MPWf85L9idQU91TKNT7h7pjNM6wDYmcYNbeg3i9P_nvcWYkTRbMPO935O0pwgwuIvyOkJXXwSvloceiMPz9F8VlBmVMP4xpeeaTyBAbLQa2wEHk1pAaATwCZT6SwnOkIxj7NzjrKY0IR/s640/Art_02_04+Erosion.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Water cuts through rock which makes it easier to rock</td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Over time, water smoothes the
craggy rocky convex outcroppings by erosion and by depositing the earth into
alluvial fans which form concave patterns.
The combination of the two creates complex terrain features with convex
slopes combining with the concave The
importance of slope is on ease of travel, observation and fields of fire. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">2. </span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Geometry.
The geometric pattern of objects on the ground one to another create
opportunities and challenges for the commander.
This includes the concepts of lines of communication, of fronts, flanks, and rear, and of interior vs. exterior lines each with
tactical and operational mandates. These
concepts are the work of General Antoine-Henry Jomini. Of all the writers on
the art of war, his book “Art of War” is the primer for all others. This is one to commit to memory.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN">[Wikipedia} Antoine-Henri,
baron Jomini</span></b><span lang="EN"> (<b>March 6, 1779 – March 24, 1869) was a </b></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: black;">general</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN"> in the </span></b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: black;">French</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN"> and later in the </span></b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: black;">Russian</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN"> service, and one of the most celebrated writers on the Napoleonic art of
war. According to the historian John Shy, Jomini "deserves the <s>dubious</s>
title of founder of modern </span></b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy" title="Strategy"><b><span lang="EN" style="color: black;">strategy</span></b></a><b><u><span lang="EN">.</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN">"</span></b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine-Henri_Jomini#cite_note-0"><b><sup><span lang="EN">[1]</span></sup></b></a><b><span lang="EN"> Jomini's ideas were a staple at military
academies. The senior generals of the American Civil War--those that had
attended West Point--were well versed in Jomini's theories.[End Wiki]<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span lang="EN"><br /></span></b>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">From his pen
to here;<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Extracts from the Art of War by Antoine Jomini, available on
line at Project Gutenberg (http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13549)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">SUMMARY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">OF<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">THE ART OF WAR.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">DEFINITION OF THE ART OF WAR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jomini, Art of War, page 13<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">To recapitulate, the art of war
consists of six distinct parts:—<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Statesmanship in its relation to
war.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. Strategy, or the art of properly
directing masses upon the theater of war, either for defense or for invasion.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. Grand Tactics.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. Logistics, or the art of moving
armies.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Engineering,—the attack and
defense of fortifications.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">6. Minor Tactics.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">[Pg 14]<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7469807552623005077" name="Page_14"></a>It is
proposed to analyze the principal combinations of the first four branches,
omitting the consideration of tactics and of the art of engineering.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Familiarity with all these parts is
not essential in order to be a good infantry, cavalry, or artillery officer;
but for a general, or for a staff officer, this knowledge is indispensable.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jomini, Art of War, page 75<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Independently of its topographical
features, each theater upon which one or more armies operate is composed, for
both parties, as follows:—<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Of a fixed base of operations.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. Of a principal objective point.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. Of fronts of operations,
strategic fronts, and lines of defense.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. Of zones and lines of operations.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Of temporary strategic lines and
lines of communications.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">6. Of natural or artificial
obstacles to be overcome or to oppose to the enemy.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">7. Of geographical strategic points,
whose occupation is important, either for the offensive or defensive.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">8. Of accidental intermediate bases
of operations between the objective point and the primary base.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">9. Of points of refuge in case of
reverse.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Characters portrayed in "Kingdom of Heaven" by Ridley Scott</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jomini, Art of War, Page 89<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The decisive point of a battle-field
will be determined by,—<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. The features of the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. The relation of the local
features to the ultimate strategic aim.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. The positions occupied by the
respective forces.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jomini, Art of War, pages 101-104<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">It is somewhat different with lines
of operations, as they are divided into different classes, according to their
relations to the different positions of the enemy, to the communications upon
the strategic field, and to the enterprises projected by the commander.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Simple lines of operations</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are those
of an army acting from <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7469807552623005077" name="Page_102"></a>a frontier when it is not
subdivided into large independent bodies.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Double lines of operations</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are those
of two independent armies proceeding from the same frontier, or those of two
nearly equal armies which are commanded by the same general but are widely
separated in distance and for long intervals of time.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7469807552623005077" name="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13549/13549-h/13549-h.htm#Footnote_11_11"><sup>[11]</sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Interior lines of operations</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are those
adopted by one or two armies to oppose several hostile bodies, and having such
a direction that the general can concentrate the masses and maneuver with his
whole force in a shorter period of time than it would require for the enemy to
oppose to them a greater force.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7469807552623005077" name="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13549/13549-h/13549-h.htm#Footnote_12_12"><sup>[12]</sup></a>
<i>Exterior lines</i> lead to the opposite result, and are those formed by an
army which operates at the same time on both flanks of the enemy, or against
several of his masses.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Concentric lines of operations</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are those
which depart from [Pg 103]<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7469807552623005077" name="Page_103"></a>widely-separated points and
meet at the same point, either in advance of or behind the base.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Divergent lines</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are those
by which an army would leave a given point to move upon several distinct
points. These lines, of course, necessitate a subdivision of the army.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">There are also <i>deep lines</i>,
which are simply <i>long lines</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The term <i>maneuver-lines</i> I
apply to momentary strategic lines, often adopted for a single temporary
maneuver, and which are by no means to be confounded with the real <i>lines of
operations</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Secondary lines</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are those
of two armies acting so as to afford each other mutual support,—as, in 1796,
the army of the Sambre and Meuse was secondary to the army of the Rhine, and,
in 1812, the army of Bagration was secondary to that of Barclay.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Accidental lines</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> are those
brought about by events which change the original plan and give a new direction
to operations. These are of the highest importance. The proper occasions for
their use are fully recognized only by a great and active mind.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">There may be, in addition, <i>provisional</i>
and <i>definitive lines of operations</i>. The first designate the line adopted
by an army in a preliminary, decisive enterprise, after which it is at liberty
to select a more advantageous or direct line. They seem to belong as much to
the class of temporary or eventual strategic lines as to the class of lines of
operations.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">3. </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Psychology. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Battle
as Braggadocio<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Being
culturally sensitive doesn’t necessarily mean being nice, or considerate, or
exceptionally nasty. Of the letters in
the acronym METT-TC that is the all-purpose checklist for planning and
adjusting operations from the Oval office to a foxhole in some far off
unpronounceable place. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MISSION, ENEMY, TERRAIN, TROOPS
AVAILABLE, TIME AND (CULTURE)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Culture,
as defined above, affects each of the other considerations including time,
terrain, troops, enemy, and ultimately the Mission. That includes battle:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
purposes of battle as in actual engagements with fire and/or movement, is three
fold:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0s4NHbc6yYeaq2rwg5bwugX22EdeX3YgT-IQiBHIGMKAvI1kRMF-pCZ6y_8zvPxLvY0BhYZwD7ro5N1-UXX1D0O6UFZSF5ozWTWkUtC-QkF5K8AeL0sz_Ri7btdBRWwyn1SUksAqhqFm8/s1600/Art_02_07+grad+smash+brag.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0s4NHbc6yYeaq2rwg5bwugX22EdeX3YgT-IQiBHIGMKAvI1kRMF-pCZ6y_8zvPxLvY0BhYZwD7ro5N1-UXX1D0O6UFZSF5ozWTWkUtC-QkF5K8AeL0sz_Ri7btdBRWwyn1SUksAqhqFm8/s640/Art_02_07+grad+smash+brag.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We
use battle as a method of persuasion by grabbing or smashing something of value
to either or both sides, and then brag about it. Sometimes, the bragging is the most important
part of it. Bragging raises your sides
morale, and saps the others. Better yet,
it gets the other side to do something stupid.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
movie “Kingdom of Heaven” featuring the most telling of Templar Knights of the
age takes us from the Siege of Kerak to the disastrous defeat of the Crusades
at the Horns of Hattin.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-K7Yg2K1CecaDZx89-6fHbUxgFst5gcia58PRxz6wg53SQ3E-NmsfCJc-wKOb7cCc3lhLtxQdcPBDI5XU2wjd8eOYxN4ls0wJLXX7xlS6s2aGAXwfHsJJ08O85RKj1Rquw8RmAj1pQPJl/s1600/Art_02_08+On+to+Hattin.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-K7Yg2K1CecaDZx89-6fHbUxgFst5gcia58PRxz6wg53SQ3E-NmsfCJc-wKOb7cCc3lhLtxQdcPBDI5XU2wjd8eOYxN4ls0wJLXX7xlS6s2aGAXwfHsJJ08O85RKj1Rquw8RmAj1pQPJl/s640/Art_02_08+On+to+Hattin.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Characters from Kingdom of Heaven</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Such
was too the case in the Battle at the Horns of Hattin in July 1187 by
Grandmaster Girard de Ridefort, our Grandmaster. His recent accession to the post from outside
the Order, an event always rife with contention over whose sword is
bigger. In his case, he countermanded,
contradicted, and confused the orders to the Army marching into a desert and
without water. All this likely to save face in his own eyes. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Guy
de Lusignan, also newly crowned King of Jerusalem (as portrayed in the movie)
was an arrogant “jock” with more body than brains. He was captured at Hattin and released by
Saladin, and broke his word not to fight, but wound up with Cypress as a
consolation prize his family ruled for another three hundred years. Considering that he had married his way onto
the throne, maybe he had a proper gene pool after all. His strength was in family values as in competitive
survival.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To
this potent mix, add Raynaud de Chatillon who also rose to prominence by his
prominence in </span></b><b><i><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">expertise dans les affaires
d'amour</span></i></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
and married his way into prominence into positions of marital prominence in the
Latin Empire of Byzantium. He was
prominently involved in considerable raiding and pillaging those who got in his
way until he pillaged himself into Muslim prison for seventeen (17) years in
Aleppo. The Emperor Manuel bailed
Raynaud out of jail for 500 kg (1,100 lbs) of Gold in 1176.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Reynaud
aided King Baldwin IV (the leper king) to defeat Saladin at Montgisard. Later he
built raiding ships and raided the Red Sea to the gates of Medina. He escaped, but his crews were beheaded. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This
is a man with enormous energy, innovative, reckless to fault, and utterly
devoted to catch up with compensation for wrongs done to him and mete out
vengeance to those he could catch. His
cultural center of gravity Reynaud de
Chatilliion is an ideal example of a vicious cycle of the victim becoming the
victimizer <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
cultural template and drama diagrams of any given culture may assign a high
emotional content to certain geographic locations (Jerusalem, Mecca, Damascus,
Rome) which may or may not have much to do with military or economic
considerations. That they have social
significance makes them important to the Cultural Center of Gravity.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">There is also a good chance that the “Cookie Jar” is also a Center of
Gravity” in the Clauswitzean sense around which important outcomes are
sought. The ports of the Levant were
the last to fall to Islam and the mainstay of the defense of Crusade
territory. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">The Cultural Center of Gravity
(CCOG)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Given
these disparate persons and a tool to analyze their individual and collective
cultural strategies, it is possible to make estimates (SWAG) on the Cultural
Center of Gravity based on how each of the rules weigh against each other and
which dominate the survival strategies.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This
is a CCOG analysis diagram for a notional Knight Templar.</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH6k8pM9iIdV2yK1JugKDw1SYdZjULvOyPYuqbv1qofbPxsK4RpuH4q4UhAfYrq9T69FKEhQ0wGQbi3M8Fyi-MahqdXtUUAQIIGt6h5hvG7U-I_Cboeyv0CLEI1dHVC6C4kFLMx-OWV4_e/s1600/Art_02_09+F4F+Templar.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH6k8pM9iIdV2yK1JugKDw1SYdZjULvOyPYuqbv1qofbPxsK4RpuH4q4UhAfYrq9T69FKEhQ0wGQbi3M8Fyi-MahqdXtUUAQIIGt6h5hvG7U-I_Cboeyv0CLEI1dHVC6C4kFLMx-OWV4_e/s640/Art_02_09+F4F+Templar.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Order was a military organization under the religious Rule of Bernard</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We
show here that the Social Status of fealty to the Cross and the Order is the
single strongest rule in accordance with the Rule of St Bernard de
Clairvaux. The travails of the physical
world as well as the pleasure is subordinate to the Rule. We find a similar emphasis with a notional
Saracen warrior of faith.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By
way of contrast, we can take a notional member of a crime family (Mafia, Corse,
Soprano, Yakuza, or Corleone) whose focus on “Da Business” as a set of
obligations in the acquisition of wealth and firepower. The issue of “face” is important in this
culture, insults to face can only be washed with blood and/or cash. The Cultural Center of Gravity shifts to the
right compared with the religious orders.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgieLusCxpsu_iZ3BoSiST2_hyphenhyphenImQ3uhg-yzWxDahtInZD1wkdFrnSWxrX8g2NKLvUGvXmtn3b6SeO2Xh42xXgDD4KzuEl8M09kI4pQpbKy87Cl2BQnq8R0AEYXkFqLzcw_gdi45q4SBDxN/s1600/Art_02_10+F4F+Soprano.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgieLusCxpsu_iZ3BoSiST2_hyphenhyphenImQ3uhg-yzWxDahtInZD1wkdFrnSWxrX8g2NKLvUGvXmtn3b6SeO2Xh42xXgDD4KzuEl8M09kI4pQpbKy87Cl2BQnq8R0AEYXkFqLzcw_gdi45q4SBDxN/s640/Art_02_10+F4F+Soprano.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Based on a cultural analysis of the Corleone-Soprano Family</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The relation
between face, fortune, body and ground in this world is often quite literal.</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Alhambra Deep'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">Islam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Alhambra Deep'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Descent from Mohammed the Prophet is an inherent
legitimacy in Arab succession. That the
Arab keeps very close tabs on heredity issues is a direct carry over from
breeding the best horses in the world.
The comprehensive integration of Islamic law into political life grants
the interpreter of the will of Allah an edge in political affairs that can
supersede civil and political obligations. </span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT1DGrI-Fcdp2VFzYB-RiZMlxwShQCu0qNXNQzqBK0iqV6z49nbBY6mciR2UETyccX5Houc5mhyOyO4d2ACuOCRQpM6UhvtY2L3DBTEfefvsv26T_fkrbAHB68KbjcJYPBSrlwK97k2WOT/s1600/Art_02_11+Drama+Saladin.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT1DGrI-Fcdp2VFzYB-RiZMlxwShQCu0qNXNQzqBK0iqV6z49nbBY6mciR2UETyccX5Houc5mhyOyO4d2ACuOCRQpM6UhvtY2L3DBTEfefvsv26T_fkrbAHB68KbjcJYPBSrlwK97k2WOT/s640/Art_02_11+Drama+Saladin.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The roles of hero and villain are reversed depending on being a hero or a villain</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The written works of Islam have provided a template for
governance, economics, and social life that has
had a long shelf life. The impact
of the Crusader presence in the Holy Land has made social and political
evolution more hesitant lest “crusader” influence will jeopardize Islam. This concern took a highly sophisticated in
science, the arts, and governance into eventually a more conservative and
controlling attitude towards innovation. The Ottoman presence reinforced that
to keep Turkish control over non-Turkish peoples.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHronKUqUKPBHdY8qHqPqX4hEdTlOy1fc0Xjb6TcvyO5006T7AgJrABVBP2uka8sa8isD9ZnKipOi4Vq0Mm1XYIDi1o_ZNjzhYSreWyZmdvT9cjpi0GMAI8iLKX3RUtCvg2RI8ZyRW9VPr/s1600/Art_02_12+Drama+Islam.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHronKUqUKPBHdY8qHqPqX4hEdTlOy1fc0Xjb6TcvyO5006T7AgJrABVBP2uka8sa8isD9ZnKipOi4Vq0Mm1XYIDi1o_ZNjzhYSreWyZmdvT9cjpi0GMAI8iLKX3RUtCvg2RI8ZyRW9VPr/s640/Art_02_12+Drama+Islam.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">That we have Sunni, Shi’a and Salafist competing factions
today after 1400 years, is a clue as to what counts as authority in Islam. The post WW1 departure of the Ottoman
authority which had assumed the
religious and political mantle of the Arab caliphates for over five hundred
years plus another two hundred under Seljuk Turkish rule left a vacuum for that
dual source of authority that combines both secular and religious.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The time of the Crusades marked the transition of Arab
caliphates from Arab control to various factions of Turkish control.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwXrOYHO-4MKGZhFGG3eJQUAxH-iXU5XCg9XkkmY029U64_sAmSuVFUjRL4yVAUbxEHWs-mMZ4h6TvBpbYT_lnJZpnG47d6x9FVZHD2gQwHOnJ3lnjMOKt9c0VbIWb1Lm5iYqFMWNf5I75/s1600/Art_02_13+Arab+to+Turk.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwXrOYHO-4MKGZhFGG3eJQUAxH-iXU5XCg9XkkmY029U64_sAmSuVFUjRL4yVAUbxEHWs-mMZ4h6TvBpbYT_lnJZpnG47d6x9FVZHD2gQwHOnJ3lnjMOKt9c0VbIWb1Lm5iYqFMWNf5I75/s640/Art_02_13+Arab+to+Turk.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">El Cid and Saladin</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Turks who
had defeated and taken over the former Arab kingdoms and empires legitimized In
part by conversion to Islam, created “slave” armies with no previous
connections of blood or obligations that might rival the Sultans. The most famous of these were the Mameluks,
followed after the Crusades with the Janissaries. . <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Saladin led a slave army to conquer
Egypt. These slave armies had an
undesirable habit of going independent as soon as the conquest was complete. Saladin established his own dynasty on such a
slave army. We know them as Mameluks, who Napoleon integrated into the French
Army. He used them to restore order when
order needed to be restored,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Temujin, the Genghis Khan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN">The succession of the tribal or clan CEO in
migrating or nomadic peoples was the survival of the survival of the most
dangerous. The China, India, the Middle
East, and Europe had little to fear from the Mongols unless an able warrior
climbed to the top of a pile of murdered relative and rivals. Such was Temujin, later called Genghis Khan
whose father was murdered. His mother and he were expelled from the tribe, and
left to fend for themselves in the wild.
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh695NPd50ENn2R3ccw3GKJo_NgFaRW4vQsTmJb9khsPpCpxSAMAkj6SgZBzTganZvxAHMYXgSAW3kUsL10OV69m2xBvqCtMzcy95AB5s6YlVFKzXWXlGht6jpTIH1KYd8YyhE_fjfYsk9_/s1600/Art_02_14+Ghenghis.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh695NPd50ENn2R3ccw3GKJo_NgFaRW4vQsTmJb9khsPpCpxSAMAkj6SgZBzTganZvxAHMYXgSAW3kUsL10OV69m2xBvqCtMzcy95AB5s6YlVFKzXWXlGht6jpTIH1KYd8YyhE_fjfYsk9_/s640/Art_02_14+Ghenghis.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From cast out, sold as a slave, double crossed to the emperor of history's largest empire<br />
(that's a lot of brown stamps)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The extensive
grasslands of the Steppes provided the fodder to fuel the life style and war
across an entire continent. The terrain
was relatively flat so enormous wagons drawn by oxen carried huge Yurts filled
with supplies. This rich and flat land
promoted factionalism in tribes and</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> familie</b>s.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Genghis Khan
replaced the tribal basis of organization into multiples of ten, with
collective responsibility of the whole for the successes and failures of one.
He added a courier and reconnaissance capability, likely as a result of
contract with the advanced state of the military art in China. Promotion in the Mongol Hordes was based on
merit. Consequently, the quality of the
top leadership and the chain of command were world class above and beyond
anyone else’s.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikBYulr6cfSAkkr43cjj7NNVgkW7JY7Dy7SAF21Y3kYyFbL2b46AvNIdVJq1J3QH-LW4EBY1wMfC4td8ofOzXdxn3DtjudYao4LSWvOS3Q-iVrHt2GjRDXuj2GIFsWa6XaVXYgvROLIMut/s1600/Art_02_15+Mongol+Rule.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikBYulr6cfSAkkr43cjj7NNVgkW7JY7Dy7SAF21Y3kYyFbL2b46AvNIdVJq1J3QH-LW4EBY1wMfC4td8ofOzXdxn3DtjudYao4LSWvOS3Q-iVrHt2GjRDXuj2GIFsWa6XaVXYgvROLIMut/s640/Art_02_15+Mongol+Rule.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Do it before it is done to you, and ride like the wind</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Later the Ottomans solved the problem of the loose
slave army problem by kidnapping Christian children into the Janissaries, an
elite and ferocious fighting force whose atrocities would make the SS turn
green with envy.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">
<b><span lang="LA" style="color: #333333; font-family: AvQest; font-size: 16pt;">Hic desinit
lectio</span></b><b><span style="color: #888888; font-family: AvQest; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-29447776324200232492012-04-29T16:03:00.000-05:002012-04-29T16:03:09.738-05:00Optima Ratio, elit, et arte bellum<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div align="center" class="MsoTitleCxSpFirst" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoTitleCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Optima Ratio, elit, et arte
bellum</span></b></span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoTitleCxSpLast" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(tactics techniques and
procedures)</span></b></span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: top;">
<span lang="LA" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Templarii militiae</span><span style="color: #888888; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">By
Gordon S Fowkes, KCTJ<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Grand
Historian of the Grand Priory of St Joan of Arc of Mexico and Latin America<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">April
20, 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><i><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">St
Joan of Arc Disclaimer: The opinions
herein are those of the author and not endorsed by the Grand Priory of of
Mexico and Latin America</span></i><i><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: #444444; font-size: 9pt;">Author’s Disclaimer: This is a military analysis of the Crusader
Era “operating environment’ and includes conclusions and theories. The conclusions are only when validated with
different theories. and the theories are only if validated with different
facts.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">What
is medieval history without castles, sieges, drama and heroism? The Crusader Era part of the Medieval Ages begins
shortly after the beginning of the Feudal system of military and political
obligation in exchange for ownership of the land and the people on it. It ends shortly before gunpowder blows
things apart.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Rolling Plunder</span></b></span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b>Settling Down</b></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">. The transitional period between the fall of
Roman control and feudalism was a process of migrating tribal peoples settling
down instead of rolling plunder. This
period was that of Charles Martel who stopped the Muslim Arab invasion of Europe
north of Spain. This was the time of the Merovingian and Carolingian
Empires. It was the period of Charlemagne who put
Western Europe together again long enough to claim the Roman Imperial Eagle,
which still flies on pennons, flags, and national insignia from Moscow to
Portugal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b>More Rolling Plunder Behind</b>. </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">The problem with settling down is that there
were a lot more plundering hordes to follow such as the Vikings from the north,
Magyars from the East, and Saracens from the South. The rolling plunder mode works only so long
as there some plunder to roll over.
Absent somewhere else to plunder, the plundering becomes planting,
reaping, selling and trading tied to specific pieces of dirt. The old-fashioned tribal warrior structure
didn’t work as it was tied to hearth and hamlet instead of the plundering
hordes that could come out of Hell in a blink of an eye.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b>The fast and the heavy.</b> </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">The transition from rolling plunder and the defense
of the realm marked by a succession of collisions between Norman, Viking,
Byzantine, and Turk in battles England, North Africa, Sicily, Greece, Turkey
and the Levant. These were victories of
the highly mobile and heavily armored and armed on horse and in powerful
warships (the Long Ship and the Dromon).
This surge took western forces to Jerusalem, but from then on the fates
of forces depended on fortifications more than horses. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b>The First Crusade</b></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;"> (1096-1099) fought twelve open battles to reach
Jerusalem. After that there were barely
twelve major pitched battles until after the Crusades when gunpowder (1340) made
medieval fortifications more a liability than an asset. That meant that combat was a choice between
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimYGjGje9PWUU_5Zw5Sus5B0z_NCzjidQhTHK30YlNgqI3c8oKjQR_t_f5Den8RyVk5GV-UJ5qsEhr1AbZ5VLiBebyMhTPR2q8F3Mec-0cWdssiJA6uYsG5vH_aoWTqFBITH5SOwAkNlA_/s1600/Art_03_01+Failed.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimYGjGje9PWUU_5Zw5Sus5B0z_NCzjidQhTHK30YlNgqI3c8oKjQR_t_f5Den8RyVk5GV-UJ5qsEhr1AbZ5VLiBebyMhTPR2q8F3Mec-0cWdssiJA6uYsG5vH_aoWTqFBITH5SOwAkNlA_/s640/Art_03_01+Failed.bmp" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Failed Crusades of 1101</span></strong><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">In between the First and
Second Crusades, two crusades never got numbers for they had been defeated in
Turkey in 1101 at the battles of Mersivan and Heraclea</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">. Between
the dead and those sold into slavery, there weren’t enough Christians to
colonize the Levant. Had they survived,
it was possible that Christians from Europe could have colonized the
Levant. After the First Crusade veterans
left for home station, there were not enough Christians to dominate the Levant.
That made fortifications a force multiplier of absolute necessity. And it was
made clear that going to the Holy Land is best done by sea instead of by land
through Turkey. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">Fortunately for the
Crusaders, the Muslims were more divided than they were</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">.. There
was a four-sided competition on the Turkish peninsula between the Byzantine
Empire, two Muslim kingdoms <a href="file:///K:/!!!DarkArts/HolyTerrain/HTA/!%20Drafts/Latest/The%20Art%20of%20War%20For%20Templar%20Knights%20TTP.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></a>(Danishmend
in the North East and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum holding western Turkey), plus
the Armenian kingdom in the South East. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">In
the Levant itself<a href="file:///K:/!!!DarkArts/HolyTerrain/HTA/!%20Drafts/Latest/The%20Art%20of%20War%20For%20Templar%20Knights%20TTP.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></a>, Damascus and Aleppo, which
dominate Lebanon and western Syria, were ruled by two brothers (Ridwan of
Aleppo and Duqaq of Damascus) that hated each other to the point of working
with Christians. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">In
addition, ethnic and religious factors (Sunni vs Shi’a; Arab vs Turk)
complicated an already complicated Muslim cohesion. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJyRTnzcTL7TTWB1eU6sl7MIy-Yclq0w_VsUFMq3A8sKXVaN6K1yYAAGxiGsJjnxvgx2-y7PfhmknCzWPGCu_lXjWWJM8UImm8pdj9MTd4Ktx-4KUm0uV1MV1f1viZrynpXwcZLWI6g5Jd/s1600/Art_03_02+Failed.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJyRTnzcTL7TTWB1eU6sl7MIy-Yclq0w_VsUFMq3A8sKXVaN6K1yYAAGxiGsJjnxvgx2-y7PfhmknCzWPGCu_lXjWWJM8UImm8pdj9MTd4Ktx-4KUm0uV1MV1f1viZrynpXwcZLWI6g5Jd/s640/Art_03_02+Failed.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Both Divided Neither Conquered</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">That
the Crusade Kingdoms had their backs to the sea and hostile Muslims on the
other three sides made losing battle a losing proposition. The Muslims could fall back, recover, and
return. By 1102, it was also clear
that after the First Crusaders went home, the protection of the Holy Land would
depend upon The Few and The Fortified.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The Few and the Fortified</span></b></span><b><i><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The previously barbarian hordes were principally infantry of the wild
charge variety who charged on foot, but often who rode to the battlefield on
horses. Their principle defense on the
battlefield was the “shield wall” that could stand up to multiple cavalry
charges. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Steady Infantry with a shield wall and nerves stopped Cavalry</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Once the conquests became more stable and the barbarians settled in,
domesticity of the warrior ethic resulted in more family values on the family farms. Those less stabilized and responsibility
free joined the infantry like it or not.
The quality of the infantry declined.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The
Age of the Mercenary and the Horse.</span></b></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> The horse gave the force
more mobility to move to counter the rolling plunder of successive hordes. Horses are expensive which led to the default
feudal force of expensively mounted cavalry of the affluent, plus a draftee
peasant militia, who were bolstered by the best specialists money could buy
such as Welsh longbow men, Genoese cross bow men, Varangian axe men, Cuman cavalry, Normans,
Venetian and Genoese ships, and a host of other colorful warriors. The ethnic continuity and cohesion of feudal
forces was no longer a matter of kith and kin, but of cash, lash and command.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Of special interest were the Engineers for building fortifications and
siege equipment. The engineers of a
losing side of a battle were spared the blade in favor of the handle. The Order was known as being exceptionally
excellent engineers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The cost of outfitting the mounted horse men proved to be difficult to
raise in the old manner of volunteered militia (like the Saxon Fyrd) and it
became necessary for feudal powers to grant titles of ownership of people and
property in exchange for military service.
There were both obligations and penalties for breaking the conditions of
the title including loss of rank, property and life. Thus was born a class of
privileged, propertied, politically powerful and armed aristocracy all based on
the horse. Hence the titles of the Order
were drawn from this equestrian military necessity, such as Chevalier,
Caballero, and Ritter (rider). These
were the Few.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Order of
Battle Planning and Task Organization</span></b></span><span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b>No Maps or GPS</b>.</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">There were few maps in existence, and the skill sets needed by large
forces in reconnaissance, intelligence and communications were rare to
nonexistent. Often the dust clouds of an
enemy force were the first clue that the enemy was even on the march. Only the Mongols retained that ability and
turned the Muslim and Christian worlds upside down.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b>Three Battles up</b></span><b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">.</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> The order of battle (OB) or task organization of the feudal force
consisted with the formation of a few large task forces, three being the most
favorite of three “battles” (Left,
Right, and Center). Often
detachments of cavalry covered the flanks. Within each “battle” very different types of troops that were echeloned and mixed from front to
rear based on the estimate of the sequence and power of the enemy’s
echelons. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJtF1bvOiP5pAdtpaD54cu7sn7EqAMci2R8BpWAww5M6y6DJC3dIhzbmHZdzUV6pE_QZ9JTyeCkuHymnWRb6L1H4kFQqpXypvdmMhKPnt70cxZZ4de8FN52MmGesl4z5GJ8We2MrlwH6ce/s1600/Art_03_04+TF+Templar.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJtF1bvOiP5pAdtpaD54cu7sn7EqAMci2R8BpWAww5M6y6DJC3dIhzbmHZdzUV6pE_QZ9JTyeCkuHymnWRb6L1H4kFQqpXypvdmMhKPnt70cxZZ4de8FN52MmGesl4z5GJ8We2MrlwH6ce/s640/Art_03_04+TF+Templar.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Knights may lead or follow and the various infantry complement each other</td></tr>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Reconnaissance and Security</span></strong><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">. The additional professionalism of the Templar and other orders allowed a
more complex order of battle with the Orders taking advance, rear and flank
guard security missions. The best example of this is the movement to the Battle
of Arsuf under Richard I with Saladin as opponent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Reconnaissance and Security forces focus on different forces. Security forces focus on the main body of
troops to be protected from surprise and
ambush. Reconnaissance focuses on the enemy and the terrain in between.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b>Forces Posted From Front to Rear (Echelonment</b>)</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> The composition of an echelon may be an infantry mix of spearmen,
archers, and axe men to keep the enemy at bay and shoot them down with
arrows. Sometimes the lead echelon was
the heavy cavalry with lance, battle axe, sword, and mace that charged the
enemy at full tilt in order to break the cohesion of the opposing force, panic
and break for the rear. This was western
specialty. <v:shape id="Picture_x0020_27" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 227.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVxTirqcn-Vghq9jAYiC-hNGgoZQtNYLO6jSRv_-igNxHZwfHabgO7698ZjEOZ9FmqrPrEa39Am1NsvXDkWXa2z_8iugp9mX_Cj4j5BfChM7H8AsLdaaEZOtMXIzlT27fLh8RTMX0uXYz/s1600/Art_03_05+Mongol+Not.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVxTirqcn-Vghq9jAYiC-hNGgoZQtNYLO6jSRv_-igNxHZwfHabgO7698ZjEOZ9FmqrPrEa39Am1NsvXDkWXa2z_8iugp9mX_Cj4j5BfChM7H8AsLdaaEZOtMXIzlT27fLh8RTMX0uXYz/s640/Art_03_05+Mongol+Not.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mounted Archers to harass and entice the Western Foe</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The Eastern and Asian approach was to use the mounted archer</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">, sometimes heavily armored, sometimes light and fast, to attrite the
enemy host or goad him into a charge from which they would not return. This was the Eastern specialty. The Ottoman Turks later developed specialty
cavalry units trained in the bait and switch that drew out Western knights out
of supporting range of their infantry, and turn the tables. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_16" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 145.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\User\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This was how the Seljuk
Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire at Manzikert in 1071 The problem that the combatants tried to
solve was the proper mix of horse mounted and foot mounted forces in the din
and confusion of battle. Panic, however,
was the tipping point in what might have been a minor glitch in execution. Panic is natures’ way to getting you out of
the way of danger, even when staying was a better proposition. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="MsoBookTitle"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Tactic,
Technique and Procedures</span></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This era is
often called the era of the horse, of mounted cavalry with the infantry providing
the casualties as the infantry too often broke and were ridden down by
cavalry. The thunder of cavalry and the
awesome appearance of the charge coming at you in particular is problematic
with keeping a cool head. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgb0thhpDKsGMrftFwkVNywe5Tp756TpHwnZlhmm-XBsf7vKIacNc9hV3px3Jh5vFmSjBVgWeDV5BsJj2d0hmGafGNRbPpmX4GiogdM8XjEwS07T6E8is_REbJJzgM0eBfEpR1Vr-r8qWa/s1600/Art_03_06+CavShock.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgb0thhpDKsGMrftFwkVNywe5Tp756TpHwnZlhmm-XBsf7vKIacNc9hV3px3Jh5vFmSjBVgWeDV5BsJj2d0hmGafGNRbPpmX4GiogdM8XjEwS07T6E8is_REbJJzgM0eBfEpR1Vr-r8qWa/s640/Art_03_06+CavShock.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The intent of the charge was to induce panic, and a rout.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_26" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 243pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This
perception created the opportunities to exploit the weaknesses of the cavalry
principally that they were headstrong and were it not for the fact that horses
won’t attack a line of sharp shiny things like pikes and spears. Horses are considered the best of athletes
but likely one of natures’ dumber animals, but not too dumb to impale
themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The thunder
of cavalry and the awesome appearance of the charge coming at you in particular
is problematic with keeping a cool head.
But, infantry that stood their ground and fought back were consistently
successful. The Old Roman legions had
the training, as did some of the Saxons, Vikings and Normans who stood behind a
“shield wall” armed with spears, axes, and swords. Well trained infantry was the exception more
than the rule during this time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The other
weakness of the cavalry was that once launched into a charge, there was hell to
pay to get them to return to the battlefield.
The light cavalries of the Steppes and the Middle East going back to the
Parthians deliberately baited their enemies into a charge, and then when out of
range of supports, they turned and wiped out those who had charged. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> This maneuver was what the Seljuk Turk Alp
Arslan did at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The Byzantine Emperor was killed
and the Turks took permanent possession of Anatolia, and the Byzantine Emperor
asked the Pope of Rome for the loan of a few good knights. So started the First Crusade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Crusades
started at a time when the infantry was more rabble than mob. The speed differential between cavalry in a
charge compared with the infantry creates gaps as the foot mobile is
considerably slower than hoof, wheel and/or track mobile. One separated,
rapidly moving enemy forces would attack the rear and flanks of the exposed
force. That is still true today. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The
solutions have been to make the infantry faster or slow the cavalry down to
allow mutual support. The technological
innovations over the centuries alters the range, speed and accuracy of weapons
systems which call for adjustments in firepower, mobility, and protection. At any one point of time, certain solutions
will create “tactical imperatives” that give or take an edge away.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">These
“tactical imperatives” are a matrix in time and space between the means by which
a weapon systems engages, and the mode of combat from fast draw to
counter-strike.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixfWmE0DIsww6QMwJCVzpPCT4-OmyaPFD9iN1ZMVc715YbzUsdoFcxMmUQgZIxGKsfOlfQk-eIm1P-UmbHTkskSuQpJOx0iXuEWoKoQsn4zSnfxXX6PiFdMyyUlvk08suni04rkx_8_iem/s1600/Art_03_07+Tactical+Imperatives.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixfWmE0DIsww6QMwJCVzpPCT4-OmyaPFD9iN1ZMVc715YbzUsdoFcxMmUQgZIxGKsfOlfQk-eIm1P-UmbHTkskSuQpJOx0iXuEWoKoQsn4zSnfxXX6PiFdMyyUlvk08suni04rkx_8_iem/s640/Art_03_07+Tactical+Imperatives.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A snapshot in time when which imperative wins!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 291pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\User\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In addition
to the tactical imperatives, the force with a better cohesion and leadership
can overcome serious shortcomings in material or circumstance. And the core of that cohesion is that which
also prevents panic. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">To Panic and Not to Panic<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There were far more
casualties in retreat than attack or defense.
A well-trained outfit can successfully fight a retrograde operation
under pressure or without pressure, and cause the enemy to lose precious time
and equipment. The actions of a rear
guard such as at Arsuf, are inherently a retrograde under pressure. The important point is DON’T PANIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsYNi2ZJNLKwFdxdkkLqNuog-0gZmCaDsbrOcDOrCh6PEB5dUAzohQbnIJaxdk300mzCQkZVyPW5m_m2YUXWQaXohDLfzWyOx6vWtYeimTI7iaDnATuGZF3Cs_2oxv2zMMo-YqYlmFJ1Mz/s1600/Art_03_08+Panic.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsYNi2ZJNLKwFdxdkkLqNuog-0gZmCaDsbrOcDOrCh6PEB5dUAzohQbnIJaxdk300mzCQkZVyPW5m_m2YUXWQaXohDLfzWyOx6vWtYeimTI7iaDnATuGZF3Cs_2oxv2zMMo-YqYlmFJ1Mz/s640/Art_03_08+Panic.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Panic is Nature's Way of Getting You the Hell Out of There!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Murphy’s Law is the First Law of War</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. <u>Murphy
says the what can go wrong, will go wrong at the worst possible time, at the
worst place, and in the worst possible manner</u>. When war was fought elbow to elbow, so did
mood swings between euphoria and panic so easily spread! The tactics for the attack in open battle,
faces to faces and feet to feet, was to panic the enemy just a little bit up
front, and count on the rest running after.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 136.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 511.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This
is also known as the <b>fight, flight or
freeze response</b>. Any sudden change
of fortune or of any change in expectations produces stress that messes with
the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that readies the body for
fight or flight transmitted by neurochemical responses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fight,
flight or freeze<b> </b>occurs with little
or no conscious awareness. It<b> is </b>as automatic stress response. The decision of which has inherited roots,
but the basic behavior is subject to additions in training or bitter experience
that you managed to survive. The
survival algorithm, is easily understood with fight or flight, but some
predators hunt by detecting motion, no movement, no hunt. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Good leadership and unit
cohesion defeat dysfunctional or destructive reaction</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. The confident and cohesive unit knows what
to do and has the confidence that his (her) comrades do too. Even the death of their leader and betrayal
in battle deters them not. Think of the Spartans at Thermopylae, the 10,000 with Clearchus in Anabasis, and the legendary dedication of the Templar
Knights, and the other military orders. <i>Crusader commanders gave the most difficult
tactical missions to the Knights of the Temple, the Hospital and the Teutonic,
as they had the cohesion and collective ability to handle the difficult without
difficulty.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Battle Drill</b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Action in combat should be as instinctual
just as in your daily to work in which angle of deflection, march interval,
rate of march, and battle position in the shifting field of commuters is done
automatically, without conscious thought save for the idiot here and
there. Like a Fire Drill and Life Boat
Drill, a panic drill is a tactic. In the US Army, I taught my units how to
handle the unexpected through unscheduled “panic drills” using one or two
soldiers plus an accomplice to panic whole companies.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing: 0.25pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Battle Drill, good leadership, and the confidence and
cohesion of the primary group carries through the sequence of essential
tactical and operational sequences of the “Four F’s of Fighting”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 14pt;">Find, Fix, Fight and
Follow Through</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">(Sequence or Steps of Actions)</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">These
are the four F’s of FIGHTING.</span></strong><span class="MsoBookTitle"> </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">These
are the rules of tactical operations that have not changed since the days of
the rock, stick, and torch. Victory goes
to the side that does it faster and more effectively. Defeat can be snatched
from the Jaws of Victory for skipping a step.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 10pt;">FIND</span></b><b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">:</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">
This is primarily an <b><u>intelligence </u></b>effort to determine the where
the enemy is, what does him have, and what, where and when can he do it (<b><u>strength,
composition, disposition to determine possible courses of action</u></b>). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">Determining
capabilities outranks intentions ten to one, as the enemy does not know what he
is going to do until he guesses what you are going to do. This is called “dealing with intentions” as
is considered in the classical approach to war as presumptuous. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">When we talk
about the “composition” of forces we are talking about what kind of troops,
what do they do, how well, and how do they contribute to the war effort (or
not). In this weighty tome, for reasons
of brevity we can lump these as Fighters, Supporters, Leaders, and Logistics. There are more details breakdowns but this is
in a state of flux in the ageless struggle between Courtier and Combatant. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">COCOA:</span></strong><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;"> The first
information requirement is that of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">terrain analysis</span> to see how the ground helps or hinders either
side. There is an old acronym “COCOA”
which is easier to remember the new and improved one on analyzing terrain. COCOA has a sensory component to aid in
remembering, just think of a cup of Cocoa, smell and remember: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">Critical Terrain, Obstacles, Cover and Concealment,
Observation and Fields of Fire, and Avenues of Approach</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">
have stood the test of time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">FIX:</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;"> Force the
enemy to deploy from the march, and restrict his tactical maneuvering. Placing obstacles and fires on likely avenues
of approach forces the enemy to take the time to deploy and prepare counter
fires. In the offense, this is placing
fires or close combat on key parts of the enemy to restrict his range of
options of fires and movement available to the enemy<u>, </u>as in pinning them
down. This is called covering and
suppressive fires.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oh, dear deer!</td></tr>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 10pt;">FIGHT</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">:
Once fixed, close with and open fire directly on the enemy to destroy their
capabilities to move and shoot. This is
called Fire and Movement and it works moving forward, moving back, or standing
still. The enemy fires on your movement
and your weaponry while you do the same to him/her and/or them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">The last one
standing is usually the winner so long as the loser is moving in the direction
you wanted. That includes forcing the
enemy to sit still while you move the direction you wanted, that is victory. If you want the enemy to follow you into a
trap, his movement is a victory for you.
The reverse is his victory. If
his attack costs him dearly, even though he has pushed you back is a victory
for you. It boils down to whose will is
triumphant. </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">FOLLOW THROUGH</span></b><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 12pt;">:
Following though means reconstitution and recovery of resources such as
resupply, repair, and reordering one’s forces to first, defend what you took,
and then be prepared to continue the fight or leave on one’s<b> </b>own
option. This means resupply, repair and maintenance, replacement of
personnel and equipment, and repositioning for the next move. Often this means preparing to move onto the
next High Ground either front, rear, or flank that affords observation and/or
protection from enemy fires and observation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="LA" style="color: #333333; font-family: AvQest; font-size: 16pt;">Hic desinit
lectio</span></b><b><span style="color: #888888; font-family: AvQest; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="file:///K:/!!!DarkArts/HolyTerrain/HTA/!%20Drafts/Latest/The%20Art%20of%20War%20For%20Templar%20Knights%20TTP.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></a>
Point 3 1101 Crusades Destroyed<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="file:///K:/!!!DarkArts/HolyTerrain/HTA/!%20Drafts/Latest/The%20Art%20of%20War%20For%20Templar%20Knights%20TTP.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></a>
Point 2 Muslims divided<o:p></o:p></div>
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</div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-36738129071972735592012-01-24T01:42:00.000-06:002013-04-01T21:03:56.984-05:00Artem Templar Munitionis - Fortifications<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">What is medieval history without castles, sieges, drama and heroism? The subject of the art of fortification during the time of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Templar order</span></a> is a big subject with many exhaustive tomes replete with illustrations and references.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In keeping with the needs of the knight whose need to know in the saddle, under fire, or siege, shortness is Godliness (cleanliness was never a strong virtue in those days).</span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Fundamentals of fighting haven’t really changed save as the impact of technology on people, purpose and terrain. </span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">A modified code of the Four F’s of Fighting (no relation to F4F) specify four actions regarding the enemy: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Find, Fix, Fight and Follow through. </span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">FIND</span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: reconnaissance, surveillance, and intelligence to determine the location, disposition and composition of enemy forces. This gives a rough calculation of the <u>capabilities and </u>weaknesses of the enemy to attack, defend, withdraw, or reinforce. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">That is why taking the high ground is a central theme in combat operations </span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">FIX: Force the enemy to deploy from the march, and restrict his tactical maneuvering. In the defense, this is the placement of obstacles the retard movement in or out of places to his advantage. In the offense, this is placing fires or close combat on key parts of the enemy to restrict the range of options of fires and movement available to the enemy<u>, </u>as in pinning them down.</span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">FIGHT</span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: Once fixed, the enemy can be closed with and/or fired upon to destroy the capabilities of the enemy to move and shoot. This is so closely related to Fixing the enemy in practice that fixing flows into fighting as in determining who retains the advantage to move or shoot. In this regard, a successful retreat means that the final blow by the enemy was deterred leaving the forces to fight another day. </span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">FOLLOW THROUGH</span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: </span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Following though means recovery, restoration and reordering one’s forces to continue the fight or leave on one’s<b> </b>own option. In Korea, this meant that once an objective (hill top) was taken, a Chinese counter attack was already moving through those kicked off your hill, calling for an immediate defensive stance. </span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And preparing to move onto the next High Ground either front, rear, or flank that affords observation and/or protection from enemy fires and observation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The essence of fortifications is to block movement to the cookie jar (your kitchen) with obstacles and fires, by creating one’s own High Ground (walls, towers, gates, etc) from which fires can be poured down on enemy forces in range. </span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Defense of the Cookie Jar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The question of where to fortify depends on the purpose of why to fortify of which is the object of protections (The Cookie Jar) with respect to the location and orientation of the fortifications: The “cookie jar” is either in front, behind or<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>you have it in the fortification</span><span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><strong>You have the cookie jar</strong>. Having the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie_jar" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cookie jar</span></a> (your treasury, your own fanny, or those of your allies) mitigates towards fortifying a place far from easy access, and difficult to assails. The favor hill tops above the fray. The fortifications of the Assassins at Alamut were on a remote mountain peak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Gaillard" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Chateau Gaillard</span></a> built by Richard the Lion Heart in France is another.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyXCKUA4g_wxU913dZjt7sNFZRDigqlbibHDzOCUULSXTvM_MzM1b_RDgNmyvfNGt5Zxdl5ftqcwTUCZDy-QIXeWBiLd875TJ43GFh4XLyCFbsfsZR82Pc-bHcPh7iUuJ0Ek8U8Pkuwq7o/s1600/Untitled+-+01.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="300px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyXCKUA4g_wxU913dZjt7sNFZRDigqlbibHDzOCUULSXTvM_MzM1b_RDgNmyvfNGt5Zxdl5ftqcwTUCZDy-QIXeWBiLd875TJ43GFh4XLyCFbsfsZR82Pc-bHcPh7iUuJ0Ek8U8Pkuwq7o/s400/Untitled+-+01.bmp" width="400px" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chateau Gaillard by Richard I</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><strong>The cookie jar is behind you</strong>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This applies to fortifications of towns, ports, and important locations religious, economic, or political that is fixed in location, not always easy to defend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcassonne" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Carcasonne</span></a> is one of the best preserved city fortifications and the greatest of all were the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walls_of_Constantinople" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">walls of Constantinople</span></a>. The Great Wall of China was to keep the Mongols and Turks from the great cookie jar that was China. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><strong>The cookie jar is in front of you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Templar Knights</span></a> and the other holy orders of knights had a primary mission of protecting Pilgrims going to Jerusalem and other holy sites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The “cookie jar” in this case was the Pilgrims moving from one point to another. Fortifications in support of this often were small and positioned at strategic locations that could provide cover for Knights on duty and a temporary refuge for pilgrims.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These include many of the great works such as the Krak des Chevalier in Syria, maintained by the Hospitallers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After years of successful defense, the Krak fell to deception and a lack of proper OPSEC (Operations Security): they accepted a fake surrender agreement from next higher. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Krak des Chevallier - Syria</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Handy terrain analysis is a good predictor of those places where cookie jars that need protecting (other than your own) as military movement and the movement of goods and people follow the path of least resistance favoring places where multiple routes must come together (El Paso, Petra, Vienna, London, Manhattan, Paris, St Louis, Buda Pest, et al) or that multiple routes are more accessible. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Generally, those are places where the mode of transportation changes, or on the far side of an obstacle (river, mountain pass) like Denver, Koln, Frankfurt am Main, Amsterdam, and Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The factors that favor commerce create cookie jars that need to be protected. </span></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-18824706913364933332012-01-10T20:38:00.006-06:002013-04-01T21:05:15.059-05:00Making the Most of the Place<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The exact siting of a fortified work (which isn’t always a castle as a residence) depends on finding the most defensible terrain upon which to build the works that fits the mission. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Works designed to protect something (the cookie jar is behind you) such as towns, ports, towns or even cities have to find a ring of defensible positions around the entire location. The choice of sites has to compete with the best place to defend versus the limits of materials. This is also true of major works such as the Great Wall of China and the Roman Limes that were built across northern Britain and from the Mouth of the Rhine to the Danube. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;"> But at this junction we will look at the components of a fortified work that go into any of the works be they behind or before the cookie jar or actually have it. Consequently a glance at a topographic map to check out the major ridges and river reveal the logic behind the locations of cookie jars, and the military aspects thereof.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;"><strong>Flat or Not Flat. Wet or Dry?</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">There are two basic choices in siting the fortification: the ground is flat or it is not. And when it is flat, is it wet. The engineer then will reinforce the slope and angle of the existing terrain, built high ground from scratch, or dig a moat filled with water too wide to jump across and deep enough to drown those who try. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;"><strong>Killing Zone, the last one hundred meters</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The deadliest part of an assault on a position, fortified or not, is the last one hundred meter. That is where hand and eye coordination of a weapon of sufficient accuracy or volume makes it a killing zone. Crew served weapons of those days could put deadly fire out to three to five hundred meters away. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The coordination of interlocking grazing and plunging fires is built into the walls of the fortification to make sure that multiple weapons cover the same square foot in front of, on top of, and behind the walls. We call this a beaten zone.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Grazing fires occur at relatively shorter ranges and are used to sweep corridors, the face of the walls and towers, which fires plunge into the upright walls and turrets against those scaling the walls.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Taking advantage of the natural slopes for the construction of walls and towers, we can use the Handy approach:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The actual selection of site is favored by clear fields of fire and observation down the slopes of the high ground and of the fortifications themselves.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">In the diagram above, the choices of the fortress engineer is to make sure there is no dead space for besiegers to take cover behind. The engineer typically will move the walls and towers of the fort at locations C forward until the dead space is observable.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">In this case of Chateau Gaillard, the towers have been placed to provide maximum fires whose plunge grazes the slopes to places even in defilade. Stonewall Jackson, Confederate General at First Bull Run positioned his riflemen on Henry House Hill to have the same effect; his troops were in defilade position from chest down, but their bullets hit Union troops out of line of sight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;"><strong>In these cases, the fortifications are built on high ground which not only affords better observation and fields of fire, it makes it difficult to attack the walls and towers of the fortification itself by denying access to the base of the works. </strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">In addition to having plunging fires that graze through the ranks of those who dare to climb, fires are placed to provide mutual support to adjacent walls, towers, and gates. When walking through a fortification, look for how many arrow slits and other interesting openings can fire upon you. It’s rare not to find at least three.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">These placements on the Great Wall are within mutual arrow distance apart and have a 360 field of observation and fires on both sides of the ridge line upon which most of the Great Wall was built.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The distance between towers is based on risk assessment in view of the maximum effective range of the missile weapons at hand. The maximum effective range today is measured by the distance a standing person can be hit. In those days, most missiles, arrows, rocks, and boiling oil were addressed “to whom it may concern” and given that battle formations were shoulder to shoulder, or at least arm’s length, it concerned a great many. One hundred yards was close combat with indirect and supporting fires from as far as five hundred meters for the really big stuff. Three hundred yards is “in range”. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">cross fire.<span style="font-size: large;">In the case of Carcassonne you see defense in depth, with a wall with no protection on it’s back side, in case the enemy took the first set of walls, they would be in a deadly cross fires.</span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">The art and science of fortifications in the following gunpowder days as was the art of sieges highly sophisticated as the range and lethality of cannon grew. Some of the features found in Templar days continued well into the age of Exploration as in the case of the Fortress San Juan de Ullua in Vera Cruz, Mexico where arrow slits coexisted with cannon ports.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;">Firearms also modified the basic structure of fortifications from > to < looking to the right. Archers normally fired through an arrow slit narrow on the outside for protection. Firearms because of their weight and discharge of smelly smoke had to be outside the walls and fired from a widening aperture to allow swiveling the guns. Some forts had their arrow slits widened for guns, which later became windows. If it looks like a window, it wasn’t built that way.</span></div>
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Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-69934130334670460892012-01-10T14:52:00.027-06:002012-03-13T20:30:23.843-05:00Fighting Positions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 115%;"><strong>Tricks, Traps and Arrow Slits</strong></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6y_vWCfkaFR6KmdFWYKW59V_5Jo5gcysQF_Qx9S955YNOdfIp0s1qx43FBCujE7KniJ8UyQBJEAPzRwky5Bs5E16Rsasyx-CLZ-ukl8WBkcdagoS9N4ZFATBvOFIxZPxLQ6F5sio9mxdO/s1600/Fort_06+Nazzaire.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The defense of a piece of dirt fortified or not, is directed at multiplying the protection and firepower of the defense and minimizing that of the attacker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the manifestation of the adage that when faced with superior forces, Passive: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dig In, Spread Out, and Hide </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Active: <strong>Duck, Dodge and Run</strong></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">It means that the mobility of the enemy to maneuver is restricted to move to kill zones by barbed wire, sharp stakes, moats, and obstacles to present the attacker’s weakness to defensive fires.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"> <br />
<strong>Expose the Attacker's Right </strong><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In ancient days, this meant that the approach to a castle or part thereof, <u>the defender forces the attacker to attack with his right side exposed which absent the shield on the left , left the body open to fires by bolt or arrow.</u> Thus the stairwells in a fortification force the enemy to move clockwise up the up stairwell and down the down stairwell, which constricts his sword arm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also messes with guns, bows, and cross bows for the same reason.</span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi01uyxYTbQs47VZ8o1SENpaEOlxf-uYRbiivDjoDh0avg8kIpi6zVpr3GRfYorxjt2oc6EcS5R6lZYJ2fTrKXixZSP-ejduqjOukl_ELvBhroXhBfJK6-sWzsBLETZuCNAX6KSkcW9lQGV/s1600/CounterClock.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="364px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi01uyxYTbQs47VZ8o1SENpaEOlxf-uYRbiivDjoDh0avg8kIpi6zVpr3GRfYorxjt2oc6EcS5R6lZYJ2fTrKXixZSP-ejduqjOukl_ELvBhroXhBfJK6-sWzsBLETZuCNAX6KSkcW9lQGV/s640/CounterClock.bmp" width="640px" /></a></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The placement of walls is best when placed close to the <strong>military crest of a convex slope</strong> which moves the wall placement forward onto ridges (fingers-high ground), or in <strong>concave slopes the military crest is farther back</strong> as the valley low ground approach to the line of knuckles. Collectively this places those on a convex slope to face grazing fires while those in the low ground approach face plunging fires from multiple directions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsGbnWXhcWwCJQD4AioqFKXs_DeL6uVhJ6kZ_50ubqVZH_CDhwD8bGg8HjCJMTKERT13mlRdgqok_9bMBwzvXB_-tFx58OlDijQlk1ifDJcQBWm79GE-2HK7ZqCFA5VqpuVjku0QhBOA4Y/s1600/Hands_Downside.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="414px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsGbnWXhcWwCJQD4AioqFKXs_DeL6uVhJ6kZ_50ubqVZH_CDhwD8bGg8HjCJMTKERT13mlRdgqok_9bMBwzvXB_-tFx58OlDijQlk1ifDJcQBWm79GE-2HK7ZqCFA5VqpuVjku0QhBOA4Y/s640/Hands_Downside.bmp" uda="true" width="640px" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL9-ZA34J16NFt7uv8c31SBXTYYhA7ikwbtVgX14uZVHMjqqc2nxNA9wzfO660yI8GGYpCei20bwACXSuieJVUxq_puPMpfoudsXit7Ef9seFYFK1ioSjnBfRGnrY9gRwf2xzNJMO4LPXl/s1600/Krak_01.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="354px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL9-ZA34J16NFt7uv8c31SBXTYYhA7ikwbtVgX14uZVHMjqqc2nxNA9wzfO660yI8GGYpCei20bwACXSuieJVUxq_puPMpfoudsXit7Ef9seFYFK1ioSjnBfRGnrY9gRwf2xzNJMO4LPXl/s640/Krak_01.bmp" width="640px" /></a></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The purpose of moats and minefields is to hold the attacker in position to be destroyed by fire and/or maneuver as well as keeping the attacker away from the walls (or foxholes).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An obstacle not covered by fire and/or maneuver is a waste or resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In ancient times, the function of barbed wire was taken by sharp stakes pointed in the direction of the attacker’s advance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This still works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Once an attacker is positioned right and in a kill zone, the plan of fires is based on redundancy of fires from different directions: front, top, sides and rear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When studying a fortification, look for the alternate places fires would come from to any one place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the study of walls and towers and their fields of fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmAuUsrAJthHoBa3MSxXc7aO9lhFgtdYJzI7A34gmxHXpNWfsDaOujKdDLCnVbrnI5uTAQZ53GeZUEcsxECrl49PCWAt9vdTCFO4T9loUPsM4-QoMX9JGyhykOPPpeN3_lX_npkN5TMVLc/s1600/ArchersRicht.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gda="true" height="500px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmAuUsrAJthHoBa3MSxXc7aO9lhFgtdYJzI7A34gmxHXpNWfsDaOujKdDLCnVbrnI5uTAQZ53GeZUEcsxECrl49PCWAt9vdTCFO4T9loUPsM4-QoMX9JGyhykOPPpeN3_lX_npkN5TMVLc/s640/ArchersRicht.bmp" width="640px" /></a></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7WJ5hAauCJslrv7vbcevTZOUK50M9BM7PBw4w9s1DgkGjJ-WdHj9JkJbFwlIr_k0Jkclj8gmOD6Bq3oGSgdJU8qPyX69s5bnrsNcTBnFHWZnTidxfNDd1d2un0zfJrI8f2rAGPpvb3J5x/s1600/ARchers+on+a+wall_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="346px" lda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7WJ5hAauCJslrv7vbcevTZOUK50M9BM7PBw4w9s1DgkGjJ-WdHj9JkJbFwlIr_k0Jkclj8gmOD6Bq3oGSgdJU8qPyX69s5bnrsNcTBnFHWZnTidxfNDd1d2un0zfJrI8f2rAGPpvb3J5x/s640/ARchers+on+a+wall_2.jpg" width="640px" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The tops of walls in your average Hollywood/Bollywood costumer film shows the crenellated walls with hordes of archers, and hurling of rocks and fire at those below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This did happen, particularly with fortifications allows to mellow with time, for the stones of ancient fortifications no longer have the wooden structures used to enhance overhead and flanking fires on the attacker. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">When touring Europe from the hatch of my M113, or from my Austin Healy 3000 a lifetime ago, I noticed a line of pigeon holes about two meters apart and about two meters down from the top of the walls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It turned out that those holes were where the defender anchored his wooden structures called “hoarding” having nothing to do with storing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hoardings were used to extend the defensive structure so that objects could be dropped directly through the floor onto people operating against the base of the walls. In addition, the hoardings had protected firing positions firing bolts or arrows through what were called “loops”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were archer’s loops, and crossbowman’s loops; archer loops were vertical, crossbowmen loops were horizontal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Normally any loop cut into wood or stone had a narrow opening on the outside to reduce the odds of an arrow or bolt hitting the archer/crossbowman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The inside was wider to allow the archer to move left and right for a better shot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Guns made too much noise and smoke so any gun ports have the wide side outside, narrow inside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Fort San Juan de Ulloa at Vera Cruz Mexico shows both.</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6y_vWCfkaFR6KmdFWYKW59V_5Jo5gcysQF_Qx9S955YNOdfIp0s1qx43FBCujE7KniJ8UyQBJEAPzRwky5Bs5E16Rsasyx-CLZ-ukl8WBkcdagoS9N4ZFATBvOFIxZPxLQ6F5sio9mxdO/s1600/Fort_06+Nazzaire.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320px" sda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6y_vWCfkaFR6KmdFWYKW59V_5Jo5gcysQF_Qx9S955YNOdfIp0s1qx43FBCujE7KniJ8UyQBJEAPzRwky5Bs5E16Rsasyx-CLZ-ukl8WBkcdagoS9N4ZFATBvOFIxZPxLQ6F5sio9mxdO/s320/Fort_06+Nazzaire.bmp" width="308px" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Hoarding became so critical to place fires onto the base of the fort that they were eventually made of stone and called “machicolations” of which there were varieties. The Archer’s Loops were cut into the upright stone of the top of the walls, called “merlons”. And gradually the wooden outworks became scare, to be rebuilt for study today.</span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghUE8FlsPIHlO1FwrvXG8Losipk7O27-tjZIR9dfQhEVHj_3TTeXa-0k6_qwao4rOYIENjF6RyUGoQVqA52F5IvElI60lC6BXnn3fkxVYOgJZXrIo2-xT7UiavIBrLsBS0vsgG3RjVItdz/s1600/MurderHoles.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="504px" lda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghUE8FlsPIHlO1FwrvXG8Losipk7O27-tjZIR9dfQhEVHj_3TTeXa-0k6_qwao4rOYIENjF6RyUGoQVqA52F5IvElI60lC6BXnn3fkxVYOgJZXrIo2-xT7UiavIBrLsBS0vsgG3RjVItdz/s640/MurderHoles.bmp" width="640px" /></a></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In places like gates, holes were cut into the overheads, or ceilings called “Murder Holes” that added to the misery of anyone who got to the front door.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The narrowness of the loops of ancient/medieval defenses suggests that sniper fire was alive and shooting during sieges. Moving about a fortification or the besiegers positions in range of a bow was a hazardous proposition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Richard the Lion Heart was a sniper’s victim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Japanese film ”Kagemusha” about how Takeda Shingen, Lord of Kai, was shot by a sniper in 1573, lured by his love of music to his favorite spot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In addition to sniper fire there was harassing and interdiction fires (H&I) as a constant activity on both sides to keep both sides alert. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Vietnam my first week in the field, my position was next to a section of 4.2” mortars firing H&I fires all night. Imagine now the constant working of siege engines day and night creaking and groaning with an accompanying thud or crash of a big rock into something or someone.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;"><strong>Turrets</strong></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Towers were principally a way to provide flanking fires across the face of the walls also called “curtains”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and also as a reinforcement in places most likely to be attacked. Towers were the principal component of gates. So as to make passage a pain.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGovhO9UGGXN11NgtUA4g2GBtvRMDkjJzfYcxRWu9RaAHr4Y5Nd3qnhraU90kGpQbEIOWxSLH_P2_255KigI0HVN0vsypwU5XshZSvJPW6FUDg6ThyphenhyphenxzAYWFEWwhFxThbj_eiZVsi0BA6f/s1600/FortFrontDoor.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="446px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGovhO9UGGXN11NgtUA4g2GBtvRMDkjJzfYcxRWu9RaAHr4Y5Nd3qnhraU90kGpQbEIOWxSLH_P2_255KigI0HVN0vsypwU5XshZSvJPW6FUDg6ThyphenhyphenxzAYWFEWwhFxThbj_eiZVsi0BA6f/s640/FortFrontDoor.bmp" uda="true" width="640px" /></a></div><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Towers or turrets in ancient times were usually square, a practice that continues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This created a point of attack at the corners which could be struck from two or three directions. But upon exposure to Eastern Technology of the time of the Order, round towers were found to be harder to knock down, and were easier and less expensive to build.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Towers were often designed to stand alone if the walls were breached, and others had an open backside in case the tower was taken so that positions in the rear could fire on those who took the tower. Defense in depth!</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Access routes to firing positions on walls and towers were often tightly controlled to minimize the vulnerability of the whole structure being taken from one level up or down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Often the top level was accessible only from a stairwell going up from ground floor. These stairwells, designed for the defender to force the attacker to attack clockwise down with sword arm constrained.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fortification of cities (cookie jar behind) typically had less depth than fortifications for the purpose of protecting a military resource in which the cookie jar is in the fort or in front of a fortification in over-watch position like most Templar fortifications were.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In these cases, there were normally a defense in depth with successive works which often were the most deadly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the tall tower so prominent in fact and fiction. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the cases where the cookie jar is inside the walls as with the seats of power, a person, treasure, or object the fortifications are placed where most of the approaches are unapproachable usually somthing deep or steep. This is the castle at La Latte in Brittany built in the 12th Century and is the location used to film "The Vikings" 1958. MGM with Kirk Douglas, Janet Leigh, Tony Curtis and Ernest Borgnine. The film is an excellent presentation of an attack of a fortified position.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The defenses are arrayed in depth with outer works to defend the gates, fortified gates, inner courts and the castle "keep", donjon, or citadel which is the last line of defense.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">There are a few objects de guerre on the walls not used for firepower, but for waste disposal both garbage and the other stuff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter were called “garderobes” of the pre-flush days depending on gravity without updraft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These look just like machicolations or hoarding except the firing port is a bit larger. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: large;"><strong>Combat Service Support (logistics)</strong></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Other features provided essential logistics support in the way of water, food, fodder, fuel, ammo and spare parts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A key to survival first depends on water. As such catch basins for rain water and large cisterns dug to maintain a water supply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An essential part of defense was an adequate food supply at hand to sustain months of siege.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Extra weapons, arrows and a maintenance facility for ordnance repair made for a more successful defense. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Given the impressive array of defense measures, it was not uncommon for a defense against odds of one hundred to one to be successful. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The expense of sieges by an attacker was part of the grand strategy of fortifications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">It forced a serious attacker to muster massive resources to take the place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also detracted from the attacker’s forces needed to face threats or challenges away from the fortification. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus any attacker had to face a counter attack from inside as well as a attack by relieving forces coming to rescue those in the castle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The timing of these maneuvers was critical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes, the attacker had to build two lines of fortifications himself. One to keep the defenders inside, and the other to keep the relief force outside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These were called circumvallation and contravallation with contra being against the relieving force. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gold standard of this sort of siege was set by Ceasar</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
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</div></div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-60938053587959456612012-01-10T14:49:00.000-06:002012-01-10T14:49:06.243-06:00Small Unit Tactics and Equipment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><img height="438px" id="il_fi" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Siege_constantinople_bnf_fr2691.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="569px" /></div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-10341790004184445562012-01-10T14:39:00.000-06:002012-01-10T14:39:07.802-06:00Siege Engines<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">WIP Work in Progress<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLxlDDXSuuYlGBCIRcPdWQe_f6WBEYGd3cSUzgvI70RJIUY85-kGuxnEzTiLdudHU1Dvm6az9G-G5zZFOrZVmSmbteNQaP1_gkjCtpaxXX7QQmR7b75BDnCgVqm6iPwQD1UCFvXLet_YF4/s1600/crusade-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640px" kba="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLxlDDXSuuYlGBCIRcPdWQe_f6WBEYGd3cSUzgvI70RJIUY85-kGuxnEzTiLdudHU1Dvm6az9G-G5zZFOrZVmSmbteNQaP1_gkjCtpaxXX7QQmR7b75BDnCgVqm6iPwQD1UCFvXLet_YF4/s640/crusade-2.jpg" width="504px" /></a></div></div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7469807552623005077.post-85567658474851131822012-01-10T14:33:00.000-06:002012-01-10T14:33:58.964-06:00The Seige<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">WIP<br />
<img height="403px" id="il_fi" src="http://warandgame.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/medisiege.jpg" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="676px" /></div>Gordonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09422091480386814137noreply@blogger.com0